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src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/Instant.java

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   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 178  * proleptically, which is equivalent to the (mean) solar time on the
 179  * prime meridian (Greenwich). In this segment, the Java Time-Scale is
 180  * identical to the consensus international time scale. The exact
 181  * boundary between the two segments is the instant where UT1 = UTC
 182  * between 1972-11-03T00:00 and 1972-11-04T12:00.
 183  * <p>
 184  * Implementations of the Java time-scale using the JSR-310 API are not
 185  * required to provide any clock that is sub-second accurate, or that
 186  * progresses monotonically or smoothly. Implementations are therefore
 187  * not required to actually perform the UTC-SLS slew or to otherwise be
 188  * aware of leap seconds. JSR-310 does, however, require that
 189  * implementations must document the approach they use when defining a
 190  * clock representing the current instant.
 191  * See {@link Clock} for details on the available clocks.
 192  * <p>
 193  * The Java time-scale is used for all date-time classes.
 194  * This includes {@code Instant}, {@code LocalDate}, {@code LocalTime}, {@code OffsetDateTime},
 195  * {@code ZonedDateTime} and {@code Duration}.
 196  * <p>
 197  * This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>
 198  * class; programmers should treat instances that are
 199  * {@linkplain #equals(Object) equal} as interchangeable and should not
 200  * use instances for synchronization, or unpredictable behavior may
 201  * occur. For example, in a future release, synchronization may fail.
 202  * The {@code equals} method should be used for comparisons.







 203  *
 204  * @implSpec
 205  * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 206  *
 207  * @since 1.8
 208  */
 209 @jdk.internal.ValueBased
 210 public final class Instant
 211         implements Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<Instant>, Serializable {
 212 
 213     /**
 214      * Constant for the 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z epoch instant.
 215      */
 216     public static final Instant EPOCH = new Instant(0, 0);
 217     /**
 218      * The minimum supported epoch second.
 219      */
 220     private static final long MIN_SECOND = -31557014167219200L;
 221     /**
 222      * The maximum supported epoch second.
 223      */
 224     private static final long MAX_SECOND = 31556889864403199L;
 225     /**
 226      * The minimum supported {@code Instant}, '-1000000000-01-01T00:00Z'.
 227      * This could be used by an application as a "far past" instant.
 228      * <p>
 229      * This is one year earlier than the minimum {@code LocalDateTime}.
 230      * This provides sufficient values to handle the range of {@code ZoneOffset}

1413      * <pre>
1414      *  out.writeByte(2);  // identifies an Instant
1415      *  out.writeLong(seconds);
1416      *  out.writeInt(nanos);
1417      * </pre>
1418      *
1419      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
1420      */
1421     @java.io.Serial
1422     private Object writeReplace() {
1423         return new Ser(Ser.INSTANT_TYPE, this);
1424     }
1425 
1426     /**
1427      * Defend against malicious streams.
1428      *
1429      * @param s the stream to read
1430      * @throws InvalidObjectException always
1431      */
1432     @java.io.Serial

1433     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
1434         throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
1435     }
1436 
1437     void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
1438         out.writeLong(seconds);
1439         out.writeInt(nanos);
1440     }
1441 
1442     static Instant readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
1443         long seconds = in.readLong();
1444         int nanos = in.readInt();
1445         return Instant.ofEpochSecond(seconds, nanos);
1446     }
1447 
1448 }

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 178  * proleptically, which is equivalent to the (mean) solar time on the
 179  * prime meridian (Greenwich). In this segment, the Java Time-Scale is
 180  * identical to the consensus international time scale. The exact
 181  * boundary between the two segments is the instant where UT1 = UTC
 182  * between 1972-11-03T00:00 and 1972-11-04T12:00.
 183  * <p>
 184  * Implementations of the Java time-scale using the JSR-310 API are not
 185  * required to provide any clock that is sub-second accurate, or that
 186  * progresses monotonically or smoothly. Implementations are therefore
 187  * not required to actually perform the UTC-SLS slew or to otherwise be
 188  * aware of leap seconds. JSR-310 does, however, require that
 189  * implementations must document the approach they use when defining a
 190  * clock representing the current instant.
 191  * See {@link Clock} for details on the available clocks.
 192  * <p>
 193  * The Java time-scale is used for all date-time classes.
 194  * This includes {@code Instant}, {@code LocalDate}, {@code LocalTime}, {@code OffsetDateTime},
 195  * {@code ZonedDateTime} and {@code Duration}.
 196  * <p>
 197  * This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>
 198  * class; programmers should treat instances that are {@linkplain #equals(Object) equal}
 199  * as interchangeable and should not use instances for synchronization or
 200  * with {@linkplain java.lang.ref.Reference object references}.
 201  *
 202  * <div class="preview-block">
 203  *      <div class="preview-comment">
 204  *          When preview features are enabled, {@code Instant} is a {@linkplain Class#isValue value class}.
 205  *          Use of value class instances for synchronization or with
 206  *          {@linkplain java.lang.ref.Reference object references} result in
 207  *          {@link IdentityException}.
 208  *      </div>
 209  * </div>
 210  *
 211  * @implSpec
 212  * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 213  *
 214  * @since 1.8
 215  */
 216 @jdk.internal.ValueBased
 217 public final /*value*/ class Instant
 218         implements Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<Instant>, Serializable {
 219 
 220     /**
 221      * Constant for the 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z epoch instant.
 222      */
 223     public static final Instant EPOCH = new Instant(0, 0);
 224     /**
 225      * The minimum supported epoch second.
 226      */
 227     private static final long MIN_SECOND = -31557014167219200L;
 228     /**
 229      * The maximum supported epoch second.
 230      */
 231     private static final long MAX_SECOND = 31556889864403199L;
 232     /**
 233      * The minimum supported {@code Instant}, '-1000000000-01-01T00:00Z'.
 234      * This could be used by an application as a "far past" instant.
 235      * <p>
 236      * This is one year earlier than the minimum {@code LocalDateTime}.
 237      * This provides sufficient values to handle the range of {@code ZoneOffset}

1420      * <pre>
1421      *  out.writeByte(2);  // identifies an Instant
1422      *  out.writeLong(seconds);
1423      *  out.writeInt(nanos);
1424      * </pre>
1425      *
1426      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
1427      */
1428     @java.io.Serial
1429     private Object writeReplace() {
1430         return new Ser(Ser.INSTANT_TYPE, this);
1431     }
1432 
1433     /**
1434      * Defend against malicious streams.
1435      *
1436      * @param s the stream to read
1437      * @throws InvalidObjectException always
1438      */
1439     @java.io.Serial
1440     @SuppressWarnings("serial") // this method is not invoked for value classes
1441     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
1442         throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
1443     }
1444 
1445     void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
1446         out.writeLong(seconds);
1447         out.writeInt(nanos);
1448     }
1449 
1450     static Instant readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
1451         long seconds = in.readLong();
1452         int nanos = in.readInt();
1453         return Instant.ofEpochSecond(seconds, nanos);
1454     }
1455 
1456 }
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