1 /*
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   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
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  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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  25 
  26 /*
  27  * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
  28  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  29  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
  30  * file:
  31  *
  32  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos
  33  *
  34  * All rights reserved.
  35  *
  36  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  37  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
  38  *
  39  *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  40  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  41  *
  42  *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
  43  *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
  44  *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  45  *
  46  *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors
  47  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  48  *    without specific prior written permission.
  49  *
  50  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  51  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  52  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  53  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
  54  * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
  55  * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  56  * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
  57  * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  58  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  59  * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  60  * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  61  */
  62 package java.time;
  63 
  64 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.ERA;
  65 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR;
  66 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.PROLEPTIC_MONTH;
  67 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR;
  68 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA;
  69 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.CENTURIES;
  70 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.DECADES;
  71 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.ERAS;
  72 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA;
  73 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.MONTHS;
  74 import static java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.YEARS;
  75 
  76 import java.io.DataInput;
  77 import java.io.DataOutput;
  78 import java.io.IOException;
  79 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
  80 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
  81 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  82 import java.io.Serial;
  83 import java.io.Serializable;
  84 import java.time.chrono.Chronology;
  85 import java.time.chrono.IsoChronology;
  86 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
  87 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
  88 import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
  89 import java.time.format.SignStyle;
  90 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
  91 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
  92 import java.time.temporal.Temporal;
  93 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
  94 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;
  95 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAmount;
  96 import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;
  97 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;
  98 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
  99 import java.time.temporal.TemporalUnit;
 100 import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;
 101 import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
 102 import java.util.Objects;
 103 
 104 import jdk.internal.util.DecimalDigits;
 105 
 106 /**
 107  * A year-month in the ISO-8601 calendar system, such as {@code 2007-12}.
 108  * <p>
 109  * {@code YearMonth} is an immutable date-time object that represents the combination
 110  * of a year and month. Any field that can be derived from a year and month, such as
 111  * quarter-of-year, can be obtained.
 112  * <p>
 113  * This class does not store or represent a day, time or time-zone.
 114  * For example, the value "October 2007" can be stored in a {@code YearMonth}.
 115  * <p>
 116  * The ISO-8601 calendar system is the modern civil calendar system used today
 117  * in most of the world. It is equivalent to the proleptic Gregorian calendar
 118  * system, in which today's rules for leap years are applied for all time.
 119  * For most applications written today, the ISO-8601 rules are entirely suitable.
 120  * However, any application that makes use of historical dates, and requires them
 121  * to be accurate will find the ISO-8601 approach unsuitable.
 122  * <p>
 123  * This is a <a href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html">value-based</a>
 124  * class; programmers should treat instances that are {@linkplain #equals(Object) equal}
 125  * as interchangeable and should not use instances for synchronization, mutexes, or
 126  * with {@linkplain java.lang.ref.Reference object references}.
 127  *
 128  * <div class="preview-block">
 129  *      <div class="preview-comment">
 130  *          When preview features are enabled, {@code YearMonth} is a {@linkplain Class#isValue value class}.
 131  *          Use of value class instances for synchronization, mutexes, or with
 132  *          {@linkplain java.lang.ref.Reference object references} result in
 133  *          {@link IdentityException}.
 134  *      </div>
 135  * </div>
 136  *
 137  * @implSpec
 138  * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 139  *
 140  * @since 1.8
 141  */
 142 @jdk.internal.ValueBased
 143 @jdk.internal.MigratedValueClass
 144 public final class YearMonth
 145         implements Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<YearMonth>, Serializable {
 146 
 147     /**
 148      * Serialization version.
 149      */
 150     @java.io.Serial
 151     private static final long serialVersionUID = 4183400860270640070L;
 152 
 153     /**
 154      * For backward compatibility of the serialized {@code YearMonth.class} object,
 155      * explicitly declare the types of the serialized fields as defined in Java SE 8.
 156      * Instances of {@code YearMonth} are serialized using the dedicated
 157      * serialized form by {@code writeReplace}.
 158      * @serialField year int The year.
 159      * @serialField month int The month-of-year.
 160      */
 161     @java.io.Serial
 162     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
 163             new ObjectStreamField("year", int.class),
 164             new ObjectStreamField("month", int.class),
 165     };
 166     /**
 167      * Parser.
 168      */
 169     private static final DateTimeFormatter PARSER = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
 170         .appendValue(YEAR, 4, 10, SignStyle.EXCEEDS_PAD)
 171         .appendLiteral('-')
 172         .appendValue(MONTH_OF_YEAR, 2)
 173         .toFormatter();
 174 
 175     /**
 176      * @serial The year.
 177      */
 178     private final transient int year;
 179     /**
 180      * @serial The month-of-year..
 181      */
 182     private final transient byte month;
 183 
 184     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 185     /**
 186      * Obtains the current year-month from the system clock in the default time-zone.
 187      * <p>
 188      * This will query the {@link Clock#systemDefaultZone() system clock} in the default
 189      * time-zone to obtain the current year-month.
 190      * <p>
 191      * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
 192      * because the clock is hard-coded.
 193      *
 194      * @return the current year-month using the system clock and default time-zone, not null
 195      */
 196     public static YearMonth now() {
 197         return now(Clock.systemDefaultZone());
 198     }
 199 
 200     /**
 201      * Obtains the current year-month from the system clock in the specified time-zone.
 202      * <p>
 203      * This will query the {@link Clock#system(ZoneId) system clock} to obtain the current year-month.
 204      * Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.
 205      * <p>
 206      * Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing
 207      * because the clock is hard-coded.
 208      *
 209      * @param zone  the zone ID to use, not null
 210      * @return the current year-month using the system clock, not null
 211      */
 212     public static YearMonth now(ZoneId zone) {
 213         return now(Clock.system(zone));
 214     }
 215 
 216     /**
 217      * Obtains the current year-month from the specified clock.
 218      * <p>
 219      * This will query the specified clock to obtain the current year-month.
 220      * Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
 221      * The alternate clock may be introduced using {@link Clock dependency injection}.
 222      *
 223      * @param clock  the clock to use, not null
 224      * @return the current year-month, not null
 225      */
 226     public static YearMonth now(Clock clock) {
 227         final LocalDate now = LocalDate.now(clock);  // called once
 228         return YearMonth.of(now.getYear(), now.getMonth());
 229     }
 230 
 231     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 232     /**
 233      * Obtains an instance of {@code YearMonth} from a year and month.
 234      *
 235      * @param year  the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
 236      * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, not null
 237      * @return the year-month, not null
 238      * @throws DateTimeException if the year value is invalid
 239      */
 240     public static YearMonth of(int year, Month month) {
 241         Objects.requireNonNull(month, "month");
 242         return of(year, month.getValue());
 243     }
 244 
 245     /**
 246      * Obtains an instance of {@code YearMonth} from a year and month.
 247      *
 248      * @param year  the year to represent, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
 249      * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
 250      * @return the year-month, not null
 251      * @throws DateTimeException if either field value is invalid
 252      */
 253     public static YearMonth of(int year, int month) {
 254         YEAR.checkValidValue(year);
 255         MONTH_OF_YEAR.checkValidValue(month);
 256         return new YearMonth(year, month);
 257     }
 258 
 259     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 260     /**
 261      * Obtains an instance of {@code YearMonth} from a temporal object.
 262      * <p>
 263      * This obtains a year-month based on the specified temporal.
 264      * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
 265      * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code YearMonth}.
 266      * <p>
 267      * The conversion extracts the {@link ChronoField#YEAR YEAR} and
 268      * {@link ChronoField#MONTH_OF_YEAR MONTH_OF_YEAR} fields.
 269      * The extraction is only permitted if the temporal object has an ISO
 270      * chronology, or can be converted to a {@code LocalDate}.
 271      * <p>
 272      * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
 273      * allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code YearMonth::from}.
 274      *
 275      * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null
 276      * @return the year-month, not null
 277      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to a {@code YearMonth}
 278      */
 279     public static YearMonth from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
 280         if (temporal instanceof YearMonth) {
 281             return (YearMonth) temporal;
 282         }
 283         Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
 284         try {
 285             if (IsoChronology.INSTANCE.equals(Chronology.from(temporal)) == false) {
 286                 temporal = LocalDate.from(temporal);
 287             }
 288             return of(temporal.get(YEAR), temporal.get(MONTH_OF_YEAR));
 289         } catch (DateTimeException ex) {
 290             throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain YearMonth from TemporalAccessor: " +
 291                     temporal + " of type " + temporal.getClass().getName(), ex);
 292         }
 293     }
 294 
 295     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 296     /**
 297      * Obtains an instance of {@code YearMonth} from a text string such as {@code 2007-12}.
 298      * <p>
 299      * The string must represent a valid year-month.
 300      * The format must be {@code uuuu-MM}.
 301      * Years outside the range 0000 to 9999 must be prefixed by the plus or minus symbol.
 302      *
 303      * @param text  the text to parse such as "2007-12", not null
 304      * @return the parsed year-month, not null
 305      * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
 306      */
 307     public static YearMonth parse(CharSequence text) {
 308         return parse(text, PARSER);
 309     }
 310 
 311     /**
 312      * Obtains an instance of {@code YearMonth} from a text string using a specific formatter.
 313      * <p>
 314      * The text is parsed using the formatter, returning a year-month.
 315      *
 316      * @param text  the text to parse, not null
 317      * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
 318      * @return the parsed year-month, not null
 319      * @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
 320      */
 321     public static YearMonth parse(CharSequence text, DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
 322         Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
 323         return formatter.parse(text, YearMonth::from);
 324     }
 325 
 326     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 327     /**
 328      * Constructor.
 329      *
 330      * @param year  the year to represent, validated from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
 331      * @param month  the month-of-year to represent, validated from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
 332      */
 333     private YearMonth(int year, int month) {
 334         this.year = year;
 335         this.month = (byte) month;
 336     }
 337 
 338     /**
 339      * Returns a copy of this year-month with the new year and month, checking
 340      * to see if a new object is in fact required.
 341      *
 342      * @param newYear  the year to represent, validated from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
 343      * @param newMonth  the month-of-year to represent, validated not null
 344      * @return the year-month, not null
 345      */
 346     private YearMonth with(int newYear, int newMonth) {
 347         if (year == newYear && month == newMonth) {
 348             return this;
 349         }
 350         return new YearMonth(newYear, newMonth);
 351     }
 352 
 353     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 354     /**
 355      * Checks if the specified field is supported.
 356      * <p>
 357      * This checks if this year-month can be queried for the specified field.
 358      * If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range},
 359      * {@link #get(TemporalField) get} and {@link #with(TemporalField, long)}
 360      * methods will throw an exception.
 361      * <p>
 362      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
 363      * The supported fields are:
 364      * <ul>
 365      * <li>{@code MONTH_OF_YEAR}
 366      * <li>{@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH}
 367      * <li>{@code YEAR_OF_ERA}
 368      * <li>{@code YEAR}
 369      * <li>{@code ERA}
 370      * </ul>
 371      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.
 372      * <p>
 373      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
 374      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
 375      * passing {@code this} as the argument.
 376      * Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
 377      *
 378      * @param field  the field to check, null returns false
 379      * @return true if the field is supported on this year-month, false if not
 380      */
 381     @Override
 382     public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
 383         if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
 384             return field == YEAR || field == MONTH_OF_YEAR ||
 385                     field == PROLEPTIC_MONTH || field == YEAR_OF_ERA || field == ERA;
 386         }
 387         return field != null && field.isSupportedBy(this);
 388     }
 389 
 390     /**
 391      * Checks if the specified unit is supported.
 392      * <p>
 393      * This checks if the specified unit can be added to, or subtracted from, this year-month.
 394      * If false, then calling the {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} and
 395      * {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit) minus} methods will throw an exception.
 396      * <p>
 397      * If the unit is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the query is implemented here.
 398      * The supported units are:
 399      * <ul>
 400      * <li>{@code MONTHS}
 401      * <li>{@code YEARS}
 402      * <li>{@code DECADES}
 403      * <li>{@code CENTURIES}
 404      * <li>{@code MILLENNIA}
 405      * <li>{@code ERAS}
 406      * </ul>
 407      * All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will return false.
 408      * <p>
 409      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
 410      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.isSupportedBy(Temporal)}
 411      * passing {@code this} as the argument.
 412      * Whether the unit is supported is determined by the unit.
 413      *
 414      * @param unit  the unit to check, null returns false
 415      * @return true if the unit can be added/subtracted, false if not
 416      */
 417     @Override
 418     public boolean isSupported(TemporalUnit unit) {
 419         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
 420             return unit == MONTHS || unit == YEARS || unit == DECADES || unit == CENTURIES || unit == MILLENNIA || unit == ERAS;
 421         }
 422         return unit != null && unit.isSupportedBy(this);
 423     }
 424 
 425     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 426     /**
 427      * Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
 428      * <p>
 429      * The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
 430      * This year-month is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
 431      * If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
 432      * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 433      * <p>
 434      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
 435      * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return
 436      * appropriate range instances.
 437      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
 438      * <p>
 439      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
 440      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
 441      * passing {@code this} as the argument.
 442      * Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
 443      *
 444      * @param field  the field to query the range for, not null
 445      * @return the range of valid values for the field, not null
 446      * @throws DateTimeException if the range for the field cannot be obtained
 447      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
 448      */
 449     @Override
 450     public ValueRange range(TemporalField field) {
 451         if (field == YEAR_OF_ERA) {
 452             return (getYear() <= 0 ? ValueRange.of(1, Year.MAX_VALUE + 1) : ValueRange.of(1, Year.MAX_VALUE));
 453         }
 454         return Temporal.super.range(field);
 455     }
 456 
 457     /**
 458      * Gets the value of the specified field from this year-month as an {@code int}.
 459      * <p>
 460      * This queries this year-month for the value of the specified field.
 461      * The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
 462      * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
 463      * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 464      * <p>
 465      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
 466      * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
 467      * values based on this year-month, except {@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH} which is too
 468      * large to fit in an {@code int} and throw a {@code DateTimeException}.
 469      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
 470      * <p>
 471      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
 472      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
 473      * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
 474      * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
 475      *
 476      * @param field  the field to get, not null
 477      * @return the value for the field
 478      * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
 479      *         the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
 480      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported or
 481      *         the range of values exceeds an {@code int}
 482      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 483      */
 484     @Override  // override for Javadoc
 485     public int get(TemporalField field) {
 486         return range(field).checkValidIntValue(getLong(field), field);
 487     }
 488 
 489     /**
 490      * Gets the value of the specified field from this year-month as a {@code long}.
 491      * <p>
 492      * This queries this year-month for the value of the specified field.
 493      * If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
 494      * or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 495      * <p>
 496      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
 497      * The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
 498      * values based on this year-month.
 499      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
 500      * <p>
 501      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
 502      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
 503      * passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
 504      * and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
 505      *
 506      * @param field  the field to get, not null
 507      * @return the value for the field
 508      * @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
 509      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
 510      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 511      */
 512     @Override
 513     public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
 514         if (field instanceof ChronoField chronoField) {
 515             return switch (chronoField) {
 516                 case MONTH_OF_YEAR   -> month;
 517                 case PROLEPTIC_MONTH -> getProlepticMonth();
 518                 case YEAR_OF_ERA     -> (year < 1 ? 1 - year : year);
 519                 case YEAR            -> year;
 520                 case ERA             -> (year < 1 ? 0 : 1);
 521                 default -> throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
 522             };
 523         }
 524         return field.getFrom(this);
 525     }
 526 
 527     private long getProlepticMonth() {
 528         return (year * 12L + month - 1);
 529     }
 530 
 531     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 532     /**
 533      * Gets the year field.
 534      * <p>
 535      * This method returns the primitive {@code int} value for the year.
 536      * <p>
 537      * The year returned by this method is proleptic as per {@code get(YEAR)}.
 538      *
 539      * @return the year, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
 540      */
 541     public int getYear() {
 542         return year;
 543     }
 544 
 545     /**
 546      * Gets the month-of-year field from 1 to 12.
 547      * <p>
 548      * This method returns the month as an {@code int} from 1 to 12.
 549      * Application code is frequently clearer if the enum {@link Month}
 550      * is used by calling {@link #getMonth()}.
 551      *
 552      * @return the month-of-year, from 1 to 12
 553      * @see #getMonth()
 554      */
 555     public int getMonthValue() {
 556         return month;
 557     }
 558 
 559     /**
 560      * Gets the month-of-year field using the {@code Month} enum.
 561      * <p>
 562      * This method returns the enum {@link Month} for the month.
 563      * This avoids confusion as to what {@code int} values mean.
 564      * If you need access to the primitive {@code int} value then the enum
 565      * provides the {@link Month#getValue() int value}.
 566      *
 567      * @return the month-of-year, not null
 568      * @see #getMonthValue()
 569      */
 570     public Month getMonth() {
 571         return Month.of(month);
 572     }
 573 
 574     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 575     /**
 576      * Checks if the year is a leap year, according to the ISO proleptic
 577      * calendar system rules.
 578      * <p>
 579      * This method applies the current rules for leap years across the whole time-line.
 580      * In general, a year is a leap year if it is divisible by four without
 581      * remainder. However, years divisible by 100, are not leap years, with
 582      * the exception of years divisible by 400 which are.
 583      * <p>
 584      * For example, 1904 is a leap year it is divisible by 4.
 585      * 1900 was not a leap year as it is divisible by 100, however 2000 was a
 586      * leap year as it is divisible by 400.
 587      * <p>
 588      * The calculation is proleptic - applying the same rules into the far future and far past.
 589      * This is historically inaccurate, but is correct for the ISO-8601 standard.
 590      *
 591      * @return true if the year is leap, false otherwise
 592      */
 593     public boolean isLeapYear() {
 594         return IsoChronology.INSTANCE.isLeapYear(year);
 595     }
 596 
 597     /**
 598      * Checks if the day-of-month is valid for this year-month.
 599      * <p>
 600      * This method checks whether this year and month and the input day form
 601      * a valid date.
 602      *
 603      * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to validate, from 1 to 31, invalid value returns false
 604      * @return true if the day is valid for this year-month
 605      */
 606     public boolean isValidDay(int dayOfMonth) {
 607         return dayOfMonth >= 1 && dayOfMonth <= lengthOfMonth();
 608     }
 609 
 610     /**
 611      * Returns the length of the month, taking account of the year.
 612      * <p>
 613      * This returns the length of the month in days.
 614      * For example, a date in January would return 31.
 615      *
 616      * @return the length of the month in days, from 28 to 31
 617      */
 618     public int lengthOfMonth() {
 619         return getMonth().length(isLeapYear());
 620     }
 621 
 622     /**
 623      * Returns the length of the year.
 624      * <p>
 625      * This returns the length of the year in days, either 365 or 366.
 626      *
 627      * @return 366 if the year is leap, 365 otherwise
 628      */
 629     public int lengthOfYear() {
 630         return (isLeapYear() ? 366 : 365);
 631     }
 632 
 633     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 634     /**
 635      * Returns an adjusted copy of this year-month.
 636      * <p>
 637      * This returns a {@code YearMonth}, based on this one, with the year-month adjusted.
 638      * The adjustment takes place using the specified adjuster strategy object.
 639      * Read the documentation of the adjuster to understand what adjustment will be made.
 640      * <p>
 641      * A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field.
 642      * A more complex adjuster might set the year-month to the next month that
 643      * Halley's comet will pass the Earth.
 644      * <p>
 645      * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
 646      * {@link TemporalAdjuster#adjustInto(Temporal)} method on the
 647      * specified adjuster passing {@code this} as the argument.
 648      * <p>
 649      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 650      *
 651      * @param adjuster the adjuster to use, not null
 652      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on {@code this} with the adjustment made, not null
 653      * @throws DateTimeException if the adjustment cannot be made
 654      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 655      */
 656     @Override
 657     public YearMonth with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
 658         return (YearMonth) adjuster.adjustInto(this);
 659     }
 660 
 661     /**
 662      * Returns a copy of this year-month with the specified field set to a new value.
 663      * <p>
 664      * This returns a {@code YearMonth}, based on this one, with the value
 665      * for the specified field changed.
 666      * This can be used to change any supported field, such as the year or month.
 667      * If it is not possible to set the value, because the field is not supported or for
 668      * some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 669      * <p>
 670      * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the adjustment is implemented here.
 671      * The supported fields behave as follows:
 672      * <ul>
 673      * <li>{@code MONTH_OF_YEAR} -
 674      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified month-of-year.
 675      *  The year will be unchanged.
 676      * <li>{@code PROLEPTIC_MONTH} -
 677      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified proleptic-month.
 678      *  This completely replaces the year and month of this object.
 679      * <li>{@code YEAR_OF_ERA} -
 680      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified year-of-era
 681      *  The month and era will be unchanged.
 682      * <li>{@code YEAR} -
 683      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified year.
 684      *  The month will be unchanged.
 685      * <li>{@code ERA} -
 686      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified era.
 687      *  The month and year-of-era will be unchanged.
 688      * </ul>
 689      * <p>
 690      * In all cases, if the new value is outside the valid range of values for the field
 691      * then a {@code DateTimeException} will be thrown.
 692      * <p>
 693      * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
 694      * <p>
 695      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
 696      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.adjustInto(Temporal, long)}
 697      * passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the field determines
 698      * whether and how to adjust the instant.
 699      * <p>
 700      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 701      *
 702      * @param field  the field to set in the result, not null
 703      * @param newValue  the new value of the field in the result
 704      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on {@code this} with the specified field set, not null
 705      * @throws DateTimeException if the field cannot be set
 706      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
 707      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 708      */
 709     @Override
 710     public YearMonth with(TemporalField field, long newValue) {
 711         if (field instanceof ChronoField chronoField) {
 712             chronoField.checkValidValue(newValue);
 713             return switch (chronoField) {
 714                 case MONTH_OF_YEAR   -> withMonth((int) newValue);
 715                 case PROLEPTIC_MONTH -> plusMonths(newValue - getProlepticMonth());
 716                 case YEAR_OF_ERA     -> withYear((int) (year < 1 ? 1 - newValue : newValue));
 717                 case YEAR            -> withYear((int) newValue);
 718                 case ERA             -> (getLong(ERA) == newValue ? this : withYear(1 - year));
 719                 default -> throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
 720             };
 721         }
 722         return field.adjustInto(this, newValue);
 723     }
 724 
 725     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 726     /**
 727      * Returns a copy of this {@code YearMonth} with the year altered.
 728      * <p>
 729      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 730      *
 731      * @param year  the year to set in the returned year-month, from MIN_YEAR to MAX_YEAR
 732      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the requested year, not null
 733      * @throws DateTimeException if the year value is invalid
 734      */
 735     public YearMonth withYear(int year) {
 736         YEAR.checkValidValue(year);
 737         return with(year, month);
 738     }
 739 
 740     /**
 741      * Returns a copy of this {@code YearMonth} with the month-of-year altered.
 742      * <p>
 743      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 744      *
 745      * @param month  the month-of-year to set in the returned year-month, from 1 (January) to 12 (December)
 746      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the requested month, not null
 747      * @throws DateTimeException if the month-of-year value is invalid
 748      */
 749     public YearMonth withMonth(int month) {
 750         MONTH_OF_YEAR.checkValidValue(month);
 751         return with(year, month);
 752     }
 753 
 754     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 755     /**
 756      * Returns a copy of this year-month with the specified amount added.
 757      * <p>
 758      * This returns a {@code YearMonth}, based on this one, with the specified amount added.
 759      * The amount is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing
 760      * the {@link TemporalAmount} interface.
 761      * <p>
 762      * The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
 763      * {@link TemporalAmount#addTo(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free
 764      * to implement the addition in any way it wishes, however it typically
 765      * calls back to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation
 766      * of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully added.
 767      * <p>
 768      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 769      *
 770      * @param amountToAdd  the amount to add, not null
 771      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the addition made, not null
 772      * @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
 773      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 774      */
 775     @Override
 776     public YearMonth plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
 777         return (YearMonth) amountToAdd.addTo(this);
 778     }
 779 
 780     /**
 781      * Returns a copy of this year-month with the specified amount added.
 782      * <p>
 783      * This returns a {@code YearMonth}, based on this one, with the amount
 784      * in terms of the unit added. If it is not possible to add the amount, because the
 785      * unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 786      * <p>
 787      * If the field is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the addition is implemented here.
 788      * The supported fields behave as follows:
 789      * <ul>
 790      * <li>{@code MONTHS} -
 791      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of months added.
 792      *  This is equivalent to {@link #plusMonths(long)}.
 793      * <li>{@code YEARS} -
 794      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of years added.
 795      *  This is equivalent to {@link #plusYears(long)}.
 796      * <li>{@code DECADES} -
 797      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of decades added.
 798      *  This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount
 799      *  multiplied by 10.
 800      * <li>{@code CENTURIES} -
 801      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of centuries added.
 802      *  This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount
 803      *  multiplied by 100.
 804      * <li>{@code MILLENNIA} -
 805      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of millennia added.
 806      *  This is equivalent to calling {@link #plusYears(long)} with the amount
 807      *  multiplied by 1,000.
 808      * <li>{@code ERAS} -
 809      *  Returns a {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of eras added.
 810      *  Only two eras are supported so the amount must be one, zero or minus one.
 811      *  If the amount is non-zero then the year is changed such that the year-of-era
 812      *  is unchanged.
 813      * </ul>
 814      * <p>
 815      * All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
 816      * <p>
 817      * If the field is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
 818      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.addTo(Temporal, long)}
 819      * passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the unit determines
 820      * whether and how to perform the addition.
 821      * <p>
 822      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 823      *
 824      * @param amountToAdd  the amount of the unit to add to the result, may be negative
 825      * @param unit  the unit of the amount to add, not null
 826      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the specified amount added, not null
 827      * @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
 828      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
 829      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 830      */
 831     @Override
 832     public YearMonth plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
 833         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit chronoUnit) {
 834             return switch (chronoUnit) {
 835                 case MONTHS    -> plusMonths(amountToAdd);
 836                 case YEARS     -> plusYears(amountToAdd);
 837                 case DECADES   -> plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 10));
 838                 case CENTURIES -> plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 100));
 839                 case MILLENNIA -> plusYears(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, 1000));
 840                 case ERAS      -> with(ERA, Math.addExact(getLong(ERA), amountToAdd));
 841                 default -> throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
 842             };
 843         }
 844         return unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd);
 845     }
 846 
 847     /**
 848      * Returns a copy of this {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of years added.
 849      * <p>
 850      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 851      *
 852      * @param yearsToAdd  the years to add, may be negative
 853      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the years added, not null
 854      * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
 855      */
 856     public YearMonth plusYears(long yearsToAdd) {
 857         if (yearsToAdd == 0) {
 858             return this;
 859         }
 860         int newYear = YEAR.checkValidIntValue(year + yearsToAdd);  // safe overflow
 861         return with(newYear, month);
 862     }
 863 
 864     /**
 865      * Returns a copy of this {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of months added.
 866      * <p>
 867      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 868      *
 869      * @param monthsToAdd  the months to add, may be negative
 870      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the months added, not null
 871      * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
 872      */
 873     public YearMonth plusMonths(long monthsToAdd) {
 874         if (monthsToAdd == 0) {
 875             return this;
 876         }
 877         long monthCount = year * 12L + (month - 1);
 878         long calcMonths = monthCount + monthsToAdd;  // safe overflow
 879         int newYear = YEAR.checkValidIntValue(Math.floorDiv(calcMonths, 12));
 880         int newMonth = Math.floorMod(calcMonths, 12) + 1;
 881         return with(newYear, newMonth);
 882     }
 883 
 884     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 885     /**
 886      * Returns a copy of this year-month with the specified amount subtracted.
 887      * <p>
 888      * This returns a {@code YearMonth}, based on this one, with the specified amount subtracted.
 889      * The amount is typically {@link Period} but may be any other type implementing
 890      * the {@link TemporalAmount} interface.
 891      * <p>
 892      * The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
 893      * {@link TemporalAmount#subtractFrom(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free
 894      * to implement the subtraction in any way it wishes, however it typically
 895      * calls back to {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation
 896      * of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully subtracted.
 897      * <p>
 898      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 899      *
 900      * @param amountToSubtract  the amount to subtract, not null
 901      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the subtraction made, not null
 902      * @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
 903      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 904      */
 905     @Override
 906     public YearMonth minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
 907         return (YearMonth) amountToSubtract.subtractFrom(this);
 908     }
 909 
 910     /**
 911      * Returns a copy of this year-month with the specified amount subtracted.
 912      * <p>
 913      * This returns a {@code YearMonth}, based on this one, with the amount
 914      * in terms of the unit subtracted. If it is not possible to subtract the amount,
 915      * because the unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
 916      * <p>
 917      * This method is equivalent to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} with the amount negated.
 918      * See that method for a full description of how addition, and thus subtraction, works.
 919      * <p>
 920      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 921      *
 922      * @param amountToSubtract  the amount of the unit to subtract from the result, may be negative
 923      * @param unit  the unit of the amount to subtract, not null
 924      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the specified amount subtracted, not null
 925      * @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
 926      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
 927      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
 928      */
 929     @Override
 930     public YearMonth minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
 931         return (amountToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plus(Long.MAX_VALUE, unit).plus(1, unit) : plus(-amountToSubtract, unit));
 932     }
 933 
 934     /**
 935      * Returns a copy of this {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of years subtracted.
 936      * <p>
 937      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 938      *
 939      * @param yearsToSubtract  the years to subtract, may be negative
 940      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the years subtracted, not null
 941      * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
 942      */
 943     public YearMonth minusYears(long yearsToSubtract) {
 944         return (yearsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusYears(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusYears(1) : plusYears(-yearsToSubtract));
 945     }
 946 
 947     /**
 948      * Returns a copy of this {@code YearMonth} with the specified number of months subtracted.
 949      * <p>
 950      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
 951      *
 952      * @param monthsToSubtract  the months to subtract, may be negative
 953      * @return a {@code YearMonth} based on this year-month with the months subtracted, not null
 954      * @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
 955      */
 956     public YearMonth minusMonths(long monthsToSubtract) {
 957         return (monthsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plusMonths(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusMonths(1) : plusMonths(-monthsToSubtract));
 958     }
 959 
 960     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 961     /**
 962      * Queries this year-month using the specified query.
 963      * <p>
 964      * This queries this year-month using the specified query strategy object.
 965      * The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to
 966      * obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
 967      * what the result of this method will be.
 968      * <p>
 969      * The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
 970      * {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
 971      * specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.
 972      *
 973      * @param <R> the type of the result
 974      * @param query  the query to invoke, not null
 975      * @return the query result, null may be returned (defined by the query)
 976      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to query (defined by the query)
 977      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs (defined by the query)
 978      */
 979     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 980     @Override
 981     public <R> R query(TemporalQuery<R> query) {
 982         if (query == TemporalQueries.chronology()) {
 983             return (R) IsoChronology.INSTANCE;
 984         } else if (query == TemporalQueries.precision()) {
 985             return (R) MONTHS;
 986         }
 987         return Temporal.super.query(query);
 988     }
 989 
 990     /**
 991      * Adjusts the specified temporal object to have this year-month.
 992      * <p>
 993      * This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
 994      * with the year and month changed to be the same as this.
 995      * <p>
 996      * The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#with(TemporalField, long)}
 997      * passing {@link ChronoField#PROLEPTIC_MONTH} as the field.
 998      * If the specified temporal object does not use the ISO calendar system then
 999      * a {@code DateTimeException} is thrown.
1000      * <p>
1001      * In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
1002      * {@link Temporal#with(TemporalAdjuster)}:
1003      * <pre>
1004      *   // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
1005      *   temporal = thisYearMonth.adjustInto(temporal);
1006      *   temporal = temporal.with(thisYearMonth);
1007      * </pre>
1008      * <p>
1009      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1010      *
1011      * @param temporal  the target object to be adjusted, not null
1012      * @return the adjusted object, not null
1013      * @throws DateTimeException if unable to make the adjustment
1014      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1015      */
1016     @Override
1017     public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
1018         if (Chronology.from(temporal).equals(IsoChronology.INSTANCE) == false) {
1019             throw new DateTimeException("Adjustment only supported on ISO date-time");
1020         }
1021         return temporal.with(PROLEPTIC_MONTH, getProlepticMonth());
1022     }
1023 
1024     /**
1025      * Calculates the amount of time until another year-month in terms of the specified unit.
1026      * <p>
1027      * This calculates the amount of time between two {@code YearMonth}
1028      * objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
1029      * The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified year-month.
1030      * The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
1031      * The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
1032      * {@code YearMonth} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
1033      * For example, the amount in years between two year-months can be calculated
1034      * using {@code startYearMonth.until(endYearMonth, YEARS)}.
1035      * <p>
1036      * The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of
1037      * complete units between the two year-months.
1038      * For example, the amount in decades between 2012-06 and 2032-05
1039      * will only be one decade as it is one month short of two decades.
1040      * <p>
1041      * There are two equivalent ways of using this method.
1042      * The first is to invoke this method.
1043      * The second is to use {@link TemporalUnit#between(Temporal, Temporal)}:
1044      * <pre>
1045      *   // these two lines are equivalent
1046      *   amount = start.until(end, MONTHS);
1047      *   amount = MONTHS.between(start, end);
1048      * </pre>
1049      * The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.
1050      * <p>
1051      * The calculation is implemented in this method for {@link ChronoUnit}.
1052      * The units {@code MONTHS}, {@code YEARS}, {@code DECADES},
1053      * {@code CENTURIES}, {@code MILLENNIA} and {@code ERAS} are supported.
1054      * Other {@code ChronoUnit} values will throw an exception.
1055      * <p>
1056      * If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
1057      * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
1058      * passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
1059      * as the second argument.
1060      * <p>
1061      * This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
1062      *
1063      * @param endExclusive  the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a {@code YearMonth}, not null
1064      * @param unit  the unit to measure the amount in, not null
1065      * @return the amount of time between this year-month and the end year-month
1066      * @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
1067      *  temporal cannot be converted to a {@code YearMonth}
1068      * @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
1069      * @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
1070      */
1071     @Override
1072     public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
1073         YearMonth end = YearMonth.from(endExclusive);
1074         if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit chronoUnit) {
1075             long monthsUntil = end.getProlepticMonth() - getProlepticMonth();  // no overflow
1076             return switch (chronoUnit) {
1077                 case MONTHS    -> monthsUntil;
1078                 case YEARS     -> monthsUntil / 12;
1079                 case DECADES   -> monthsUntil / 120;
1080                 case CENTURIES -> monthsUntil / 1200;
1081                 case MILLENNIA -> monthsUntil / 12000;
1082                 case ERAS      -> end.getLong(ERA) - getLong(ERA);
1083                 default -> throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
1084             };
1085         }
1086         return unit.between(this, end);
1087     }
1088 
1089     /**
1090      * Formats this year-month using the specified formatter.
1091      * <p>
1092      * This year-month will be passed to the formatter to produce a string.
1093      *
1094      * @param formatter  the formatter to use, not null
1095      * @return the formatted year-month string, not null
1096      * @throws DateTimeException if an error occurs during printing
1097      */
1098     public String format(DateTimeFormatter formatter) {
1099         Objects.requireNonNull(formatter, "formatter");
1100         return formatter.format(this);
1101     }
1102 
1103     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1104     /**
1105      * Combines this year-month with a day-of-month to create a {@code LocalDate}.
1106      * <p>
1107      * This returns a {@code LocalDate} formed from this year-month and the specified day-of-month.
1108      * <p>
1109      * The day-of-month value must be valid for the year-month.
1110      * <p>
1111      * This method can be used as part of a chain to produce a date:
1112      * <pre>
1113      *  LocalDate date = year.atMonth(month).atDay(day);
1114      * </pre>
1115      *
1116      * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month to use, from 1 to 31
1117      * @return the date formed from this year-month and the specified day, not null
1118      * @throws DateTimeException if the day is invalid for the year-month
1119      * @see #isValidDay(int)
1120      */
1121     public LocalDate atDay(int dayOfMonth) {
1122         return LocalDate.of(year, month, dayOfMonth);
1123     }
1124 
1125     /**
1126      * Returns a {@code LocalDate} at the end of the month.
1127      * <p>
1128      * This returns a {@code LocalDate} based on this year-month.
1129      * The day-of-month is set to the last valid day of the month, taking
1130      * into account leap years.
1131      * <p>
1132      * This method can be used as part of a chain to produce a date:
1133      * <pre>
1134      *  LocalDate date = year.atMonth(month).atEndOfMonth();
1135      * </pre>
1136      *
1137      * @return the last valid date of this year-month, not null
1138      */
1139     public LocalDate atEndOfMonth() {
1140         return LocalDate.of(year, month, lengthOfMonth());
1141     }
1142 
1143     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1144     /**
1145      * Compares this year-month to another year-month.
1146      * <p>
1147      * The comparison is based first on the value of the year, then on the value of the month.
1148      * It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
1149      *
1150      * @param other  the other year-month to compare to, not null
1151      * @return the comparator value, that is less than zero if this is before {@code other},
1152      *          zero if they are equal, greater than zero if this is after {@code other}
1153      * @see #isBefore
1154      * @see #isAfter
1155      */
1156     @Override
1157     public int compareTo(YearMonth other) {
1158         int cmp = (year - other.year);
1159         if (cmp == 0) {
1160             cmp = (month - other.month);
1161         }
1162         return cmp;
1163     }
1164 
1165     /**
1166      * Checks if this year-month is after the specified year-month.
1167      *
1168      * @param other  the other year-month to compare to, not null
1169      * @return true if this is after the specified year-month
1170      */
1171     public boolean isAfter(YearMonth other) {
1172         return compareTo(other) > 0;
1173     }
1174 
1175     /**
1176      * Checks if this year-month is before the specified year-month.
1177      *
1178      * @param other  the other year-month to compare to, not null
1179      * @return true if this point is before the specified year-month
1180      */
1181     public boolean isBefore(YearMonth other) {
1182         return compareTo(other) < 0;
1183     }
1184 
1185     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1186     /**
1187      * Checks if this year-month is equal to another year-month.
1188      * <p>
1189      * The comparison is based on the time-line position of the year-months.
1190      *
1191      * @param obj  the object to check, null returns false
1192      * @return true if this is equal to the other year-month
1193      */
1194     @Override
1195     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
1196         if (this == obj) {
1197             return true;
1198         }
1199         return (obj instanceof YearMonth other)
1200                 && year == other.year
1201                 && month == other.month;
1202     }
1203 
1204     /**
1205      * A hash code for this year-month.
1206      *
1207      * @return a suitable hash code
1208      */
1209     @Override
1210     public int hashCode() {
1211         return year ^ (month << 27);
1212     }
1213 
1214     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1215     /**
1216      * Outputs this year-month as a {@code String}, such as {@code 2007-12}.
1217      * <p>
1218      * The output will be in the format {@code uuuu-MM}:
1219      *
1220      * @return a string representation of this year-month, not null
1221      */
1222     @Override
1223     public String toString() {
1224         int absYear = Math.abs(year);
1225         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(9);
1226         if (absYear < 10000) {
1227             if (year < 0) {
1228                 buf.append('-');
1229             }
1230             DecimalDigits.appendQuad(buf, absYear);
1231         } else {
1232             buf.append(year);
1233         }
1234         buf.append('-');
1235         DecimalDigits.appendPair(buf, month);
1236         return buf.toString();
1237     }
1238 
1239     //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1240     /**
1241      * Writes the object using a
1242      * <a href="{@docRoot}/serialized-form.html#java.time.Ser">dedicated serialized form</a>.
1243      * @serialData
1244      * <pre>
1245      *  out.writeByte(12);  // identifies a YearMonth
1246      *  out.writeInt(year);
1247      *  out.writeByte(month);
1248      * </pre>
1249      *
1250      * @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
1251      */
1252     @java.io.Serial
1253     private Object writeReplace() {
1254         return new Ser(Ser.YEAR_MONTH_TYPE, this);
1255     }
1256 
1257     /**
1258      * Defend against malicious streams.
1259      *
1260      * @param s the stream to read
1261      * @throws InvalidObjectException always
1262      */
1263     @java.io.Serial
1264     private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
1265         throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
1266     }
1267 
1268     void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
1269         out.writeInt(year);
1270         out.writeByte(month);
1271     }
1272 
1273     static YearMonth readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
1274         int year = in.readInt();
1275         byte month = in.readByte();
1276         return YearMonth.of(year, month);
1277     }
1278 
1279 }