1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2022, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
  8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 10  *
 11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 15  * accompanied this code).
 16  *
 17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 20  *
 21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 23  * questions.
 24  */
 25 package jdk.internal.classfile.impl;
 26 
 27 import java.lang.classfile.*;
 28 import java.lang.classfile.attribute.CodeAttribute;
 29 import java.lang.classfile.attribute.RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotationsAttribute;
 30 import java.lang.classfile.attribute.RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotationsAttribute;
 31 import java.lang.classfile.attribute.StackMapTableAttribute;
 32 import java.lang.classfile.attribute.UnknownAttribute;
 33 import java.lang.classfile.constantpool.ClassEntry;
 34 import java.lang.classfile.instruction.*;
 35 import java.util.ArrayList;
 36 import java.util.Collections;
 37 import java.util.List;
 38 import java.util.Objects;
 39 import java.util.Optional;
 40 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 41 
 42 import static jdk.internal.classfile.impl.RawBytecodeHelper.*;
 43 
 44 public final class CodeImpl
 45         extends BoundAttribute.BoundCodeAttribute
 46         implements LabelContext {
 47 
 48     static final Instruction[] SINGLETON_INSTRUCTIONS = new Instruction[256];
 49 
 50     static {
 51         for (var o : Opcode.values()) {
 52             if (o.sizeIfFixed() == 1) {
 53                 SINGLETON_INSTRUCTIONS[o.bytecode()] = switch (o.kind()) {
 54                     case ARRAY_LOAD -> ArrayLoadInstruction.of(o);
 55                     case ARRAY_STORE -> ArrayStoreInstruction.of(o);
 56                     case CONSTANT -> ConstantInstruction.ofIntrinsic(o);
 57                     case CONVERT -> ConvertInstruction.of(o);
 58                     case LOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.UnboundLoadInstruction(o, BytecodeHelpers.intrinsicLoadSlot(o));
 59                     case MONITOR -> MonitorInstruction.of(o);
 60                     case NOP -> NopInstruction.of();
 61                     case OPERATOR -> OperatorInstruction.of(o);
 62                     case RETURN -> ReturnInstruction.of(o);
 63                     case STACK -> StackInstruction.of(o);
 64                     case STORE -> new AbstractInstruction.UnboundStoreInstruction(o, BytecodeHelpers.intrinsicStoreSlot(o));
 65                     case THROW_EXCEPTION -> ThrowInstruction.of();
 66                     default -> throw new AssertionError("invalid opcode: " + o);
 67                 };
 68             }
 69         }
 70     }
 71 
 72     List<ExceptionCatch> exceptionTable;
 73     List<Attribute<?>> attributes;
 74 
 75     // Inflated for iteration
 76     LabelImpl[] labels;
 77     int[] lineNumbers;
 78     boolean inflated;
 79 
 80     public CodeImpl(AttributedElement enclosing,
 81                     ClassReader reader,
 82                     AttributeMapper<CodeAttribute> mapper,
 83                     int payloadStart) {
 84         super(enclosing, reader, mapper, payloadStart);
 85     }
 86 
 87     // LabelContext
 88 
 89     @Override
 90     public Label newLabel() {
 91         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("CodeAttribute only supports fixed labels");
 92     }
 93 
 94     @Override
 95     public void setLabelTarget(Label label, int bci) {
 96         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("CodeAttribute only supports fixed labels");
 97     }
 98 
 99     @Override
100     public Label getLabel(int bci) {
101         if (bci < 0 || bci > codeLength)
102             throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Bytecode offset out of range; bci=%d, codeLength=%d",
103                                                              bci, codeLength));
104         if (labels == null)
105             labels = new LabelImpl[codeLength + 1];
106         LabelImpl l = labels[bci];
107         if (l == null)
108             l = labels[bci] = new LabelImpl(this, bci);
109         return l;
110     }
111 
112     @Override
113     public int labelToBci(Label label) {
114         LabelImpl lab = (LabelImpl) label;
115         if (lab.labelContext() != this)
116             throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Illegal label reuse; context=%s, label=%s",
117                                                              this, lab.labelContext()));
118         return lab.getBCI();
119     }
120 
121     private void inflateMetadata() {
122         if (!inflated) {
123             if (labels == null)
124                 labels = new LabelImpl[codeLength + 1];
125             if (classReader.context().passLineNumbers())
126                 inflateLineNumbers();
127             inflateJumpTargets();
128             inflateTypeAnnotations();
129             inflated = true;
130         }
131     }
132 
133     // CodeAttribute
134 
135     @Override
136     public List<Attribute<?>> attributes() {
137         if (attributes == null) {
138             attributes = BoundAttribute.readAttributes(this, classReader, attributePos, classReader.customAttributes());
139         }
140         return attributes;
141     }
142 
143     @Override
144     public void writeTo(BufWriterImpl buf) {
145         if (buf.canWriteDirect(classReader)) {
146             super.writeTo(buf);
147         }
148         else {
149             DirectCodeBuilder.build((MethodInfo) enclosingMethod,
150                                     Util.writingAll(this),
151                                     (SplitConstantPool)buf.constantPool(),
152                                     buf.context(),
153                                     null).writeTo(buf);
154         }
155     }
156 
157     // CodeModel
158 
159     @Override
160     public Optional<MethodModel> parent() {
161         return Optional.of(enclosingMethod);
162     }
163 
164     @Override
165     public void forEach(Consumer<? super CodeElement> consumer) {
166         Objects.requireNonNull(consumer);
167         inflateMetadata();
168         boolean doLineNumbers = (lineNumbers != null);
169         generateCatchTargets(consumer);
170         if (classReader.context().passDebugElements())
171             generateDebugElements(consumer);
172         generateUserAttributes(consumer);
173         for (int pos=codeStart; pos<codeEnd; ) {
174             if (labels[pos - codeStart] != null)
175                 consumer.accept(labels[pos - codeStart]);
176             if (doLineNumbers && lineNumbers[pos - codeStart] != 0)
177                 consumer.accept(LineNumberImpl.of(lineNumbers[pos - codeStart]));
178             int bc = classReader.readU1(pos);
179             Instruction instr = bcToInstruction(bc, pos);
180             consumer.accept(instr);
181             pos += instr.sizeInBytes();
182         }
183         // There might be labels pointing to the bci at codeEnd
184         if (labels[codeEnd-codeStart] != null)
185             consumer.accept(labels[codeEnd - codeStart]);
186         if (doLineNumbers && lineNumbers[codeEnd - codeStart] != 0)
187             consumer.accept(LineNumberImpl.of(lineNumbers[codeEnd - codeStart]));
188     }
189 
190     @Override
191     public List<ExceptionCatch> exceptionHandlers() {
192         if (exceptionTable == null) {
193             inflateMetadata();
194             exceptionTable = new ArrayList<>(exceptionHandlerCnt);
195             iterateExceptionHandlers(new ExceptionHandlerAction() {
196                 @Override
197                 public void accept(int s, int e, int h, int c) {
198                     ClassEntry catchTypeEntry = c == 0
199                                                              ? null
200                                                              : constantPool().entryByIndex(c, ClassEntry.class);
201                     exceptionTable.add(new AbstractPseudoInstruction.ExceptionCatchImpl(getLabel(h), getLabel(s), getLabel(e), catchTypeEntry));
202                 }
203             });
204             exceptionTable = Collections.unmodifiableList(exceptionTable);
205         }
206         return exceptionTable;
207     }
208 
209     private void generateUserAttributes(Consumer<? super CodeElement> consumer) {
210         for (var attr : attributes) {
211             if (attr instanceof CustomAttribute || attr instanceof UnknownAttribute) {
212                 consumer.accept((CodeElement) attr);
213             }
214         }
215     }
216 
217     public boolean compareCodeBytes(BufWriterImpl buf, int offset, int len) {
218         return codeLength == len
219                && classReader.compare(buf, offset, codeStart, codeLength);
220     }
221 
222     private int adjustForObjectOrUninitialized(int bci) {
223         int vt = classReader.readU1(bci);
224         //inflate newTarget labels from Uninitialized VTIs
225         if (vt == 8) inflateLabel(classReader.readU2(bci + 1));
226         return (vt == 7 || vt == 8) ? bci + 3 : bci + 1;
227     }
228 
229     private void inflateLabel(int bci) {
230         if (bci < 0 || bci > codeLength)
231             throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Bytecode offset out of range; bci=%d, codeLength=%d",
232                                                              bci, codeLength));
233         if (labels[bci] == null)
234             labels[bci] = new LabelImpl(this, bci);
235     }
236 
237     private void inflateLineNumbers() {
238         for (Attribute<?> a : attributes()) {
239             if (a.attributeMapper() == Attributes.lineNumberTable()) {
240                 BoundLineNumberTableAttribute attr = (BoundLineNumberTableAttribute) a;
241                 if (lineNumbers == null)
242                     lineNumbers = new int[codeLength + 1];
243 
244                 int nLn = classReader.readU2(attr.payloadStart);
245                 int p = attr.payloadStart + 2;
246                 int pEnd = p + (nLn * 4);
247                 for (; p < pEnd; p += 4) {
248                     int startPc = classReader.readU2(p);
249                     if (startPc > codeLength) {
250                         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
251                                 "Line number start_pc out of range; start_pc=%d, codeLength=%d", startPc, codeLength));
252                     }
253                     int lineNumber = classReader.readU2(p + 2);
254                     lineNumbers[startPc] = lineNumber;
255                 }
256             }
257         }
258     }
259 
260     private void inflateJumpTargets() {
261         Optional<StackMapTableAttribute> a = findAttribute(Attributes.stackMapTable());
262         if (a.isEmpty()) {
263             if (classReader.readU2(6) <= ClassFile.JAVA_6_VERSION) {
264                 //fallback to jump targets inflation without StackMapTableAttribute
265                 for (int pos=codeStart; pos<codeEnd; ) {
266                     var i = bcToInstruction(classReader.readU1(pos), pos);
267                     switch (i.opcode().kind()) {
268                         case BRANCH -> ((BranchInstruction) i).target();
269                         case DISCONTINUED_JSR -> ((DiscontinuedInstruction.JsrInstruction) i).target();
270                         case LOOKUP_SWITCH -> {
271                             var ls = (LookupSwitchInstruction) i;
272                             ls.defaultTarget();
273                             ls.cases();
274                         }
275                         case TABLE_SWITCH -> {
276                             var ts = (TableSwitchInstruction) i;
277                             ts.defaultTarget();
278                             ts.cases();
279                         }
280                         default -> {}
281                     }
282                     pos += i.sizeInBytes();
283                 }
284             }
285             return;
286         }
287         int stackMapPos = ((BoundAttribute<StackMapTableAttribute>) a.get()).payloadStart;
288 
289         int bci = -1; //compensate for offsetDelta + 1
290         int nEntries = classReader.readU2(stackMapPos);
291         int p = stackMapPos + 2;
292         for (int i = 0; i < nEntries; ++i) {
293             int frameType = classReader.readU1(p);
294             int offsetDelta;
295             if (frameType < 64) {
296                 offsetDelta = frameType;
297                 ++p;
298             }
299             else if (frameType < 128) {
300                 offsetDelta = frameType & 0x3f;
301                 p = adjustForObjectOrUninitialized(p + 1);
302             }
303             else
304                 switch (frameType) {
305                     case 247 -> {
306                         offsetDelta = classReader.readU2(p + 1);
307                         p = adjustForObjectOrUninitialized(p + 3);
308                     }
309                     case 248, 249, 250, 251 -> {
310                         offsetDelta = classReader.readU2(p + 1);
311                         p += 3;
312                     }
313                     case 252, 253, 254 -> {
314                         offsetDelta = classReader.readU2(p + 1);
315                         int k = frameType - 251;
316                         p += 3;
317                         for (int c = 0; c < k; ++c) {
318                             p = adjustForObjectOrUninitialized(p);
319                         }
320                     }
321                     case 255 -> {
322                         offsetDelta = classReader.readU2(p + 1);
323                         p += 3;
324                         int k = classReader.readU2(p);
325                         p += 2;
326                         for (int c = 0; c < k; ++c) {
327                             p = adjustForObjectOrUninitialized(p);
328                         }
329                         k = classReader.readU2(p);
330                         p += 2;
331                         for (int c = 0; c < k; ++c) {
332                             p = adjustForObjectOrUninitialized(p);
333                         }
334                     }
335                     default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad frame type: " + frameType);
336                 }
337             bci += offsetDelta + 1;
338             inflateLabel(bci);
339         }
340     }
341 
342     private void inflateTypeAnnotations() {
343         findAttribute(Attributes.runtimeVisibleTypeAnnotations()).ifPresent(RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotationsAttribute::annotations);
344         findAttribute(Attributes.runtimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations()).ifPresent(RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotationsAttribute::annotations);
345     }
346 
347     private void generateCatchTargets(Consumer<? super CodeElement> consumer) {
348         // We attach all catch targets to bci zero, because trying to attach them
349         // to their range could subtly affect the order of exception processing
350         iterateExceptionHandlers(new ExceptionHandlerAction() {
351             @Override
352             public void accept(int s, int e, int h, int c) {
353                 ClassEntry catchType = c == 0
354                                                     ? null
355                                                     : classReader.entryByIndex(c, ClassEntry.class);
356                 consumer.accept(new AbstractPseudoInstruction.ExceptionCatchImpl(getLabel(h), getLabel(s), getLabel(e), catchType));
357             }
358         });
359     }
360 
361     private void generateDebugElements(Consumer<? super CodeElement> consumer) {
362         for (Attribute<?> a : attributes()) {
363             if (a.attributeMapper() == Attributes.characterRangeTable()) {
364                 var attr = (BoundCharacterRangeTableAttribute) a;
365                 int cnt = classReader.readU2(attr.payloadStart);
366                 int p = attr.payloadStart + 2;
367                 int pEnd = p + (cnt * 14);
368                 for (; p < pEnd; p += 14) {
369                     var instruction = new BoundCharacterRange(this, p);
370                     inflateLabel(instruction.startPc());
371                     inflateLabel(instruction.endPc() + 1);
372                     consumer.accept(instruction);
373                 }
374             }
375             else if (a.attributeMapper() == Attributes.localVariableTable()) {
376                 var attr = (BoundLocalVariableTableAttribute) a;
377                 int cnt = classReader.readU2(attr.payloadStart);
378                 int p = attr.payloadStart + 2;
379                 int pEnd = p + (cnt * 10);
380                 for (; p < pEnd; p += 10) {
381                     BoundLocalVariable instruction = new BoundLocalVariable(this, p);
382                     inflateLabel(instruction.startPc());
383                     inflateLabel(instruction.startPc() + instruction.length());
384                     consumer.accept(instruction);
385                 }
386             }
387             else if (a.attributeMapper() == Attributes.localVariableTypeTable()) {
388                 var attr = (BoundLocalVariableTypeTableAttribute) a;
389                 int cnt = classReader.readU2(attr.payloadStart);
390                 int p = attr.payloadStart + 2;
391                 int pEnd = p + (cnt * 10);
392                 for (; p < pEnd; p += 10) {
393                     BoundLocalVariableType instruction = new BoundLocalVariableType(this, p);
394                     inflateLabel(instruction.startPc());
395                     inflateLabel(instruction.startPc() + instruction.length());
396                     consumer.accept(instruction);
397                 }
398             }
399             else if (a.attributeMapper() == Attributes.runtimeVisibleTypeAnnotations()) {
400                 consumer.accept((BoundRuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotationsAttribute) a);
401             }
402             else if (a.attributeMapper() == Attributes.runtimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations()) {
403                 consumer.accept((BoundRuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotationsAttribute) a);
404             }
405         }
406     }
407 
408     public interface ExceptionHandlerAction {
409         void accept(int start, int end, int handler, int catchTypeIndex);
410     }
411 
412     public void iterateExceptionHandlers(ExceptionHandlerAction a) {
413         int p = exceptionHandlerPos + 2;
414         for (int i = 0; i < exceptionHandlerCnt; ++i) {
415             a.accept(classReader.readU2(p), classReader.readU2(p + 2), classReader.readU2(p + 4), classReader.readU2(p + 6));
416             p += 8;
417         }
418     }
419 
420     private Instruction bcToInstruction(int bc, int pos) {
421         return switch (bc) {
422             case BIPUSH -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundArgumentConstantInstruction(Opcode.BIPUSH, CodeImpl.this, pos);
423             case SIPUSH -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundArgumentConstantInstruction(Opcode.SIPUSH, CodeImpl.this, pos);
424             case LDC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadConstantInstruction(Opcode.LDC, CodeImpl.this, pos);
425             case LDC_W -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadConstantInstruction(Opcode.LDC_W, CodeImpl.this, pos);
426             case LDC2_W -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadConstantInstruction(Opcode.LDC2_W, CodeImpl.this, pos);
427             case ILOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.ILOAD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
428             case LLOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.LLOAD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
429             case FLOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.FLOAD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
430             case DLOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.DLOAD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
431             case ALOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.ALOAD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
432             case ISTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.ISTORE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
433             case LSTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.LSTORE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
434             case FSTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.FSTORE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
435             case DSTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.DSTORE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
436             case ASTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.ASTORE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
437             case IINC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundIncrementInstruction(Opcode.IINC, CodeImpl.this, pos);
438             case IFEQ -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFEQ, CodeImpl.this, pos);
439             case IFNE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFNE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
440             case IFLT -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFLT, CodeImpl.this, pos);
441             case IFGE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFGE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
442             case IFGT -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFGT, CodeImpl.this, pos);
443             case IFLE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFLE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
444             case IF_ICMPEQ -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ICMPEQ, CodeImpl.this, pos);
445             case IF_ICMPNE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ICMPNE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
446             case IF_ICMPLT -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ICMPLT, CodeImpl.this, pos);
447             case IF_ICMPGE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ICMPGE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
448             case IF_ICMPGT -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ICMPGT, CodeImpl.this, pos);
449             case IF_ICMPLE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ICMPLE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
450             case IF_ACMPEQ -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ACMPEQ, CodeImpl.this, pos);
451             case IF_ACMPNE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IF_ACMPNE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
452             case GOTO -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.GOTO, CodeImpl.this, pos);
453             case TABLESWITCH -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundTableSwitchInstruction(Opcode.TABLESWITCH, CodeImpl.this, pos);
454             case LOOKUPSWITCH -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLookupSwitchInstruction(Opcode.LOOKUPSWITCH, CodeImpl.this, pos);
455             case GETSTATIC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundFieldInstruction(Opcode.GETSTATIC, CodeImpl.this, pos);
456             case PUTSTATIC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundFieldInstruction(Opcode.PUTSTATIC, CodeImpl.this, pos);
457             case GETFIELD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundFieldInstruction(Opcode.GETFIELD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
458             case PUTFIELD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundFieldInstruction(Opcode.PUTFIELD, CodeImpl.this, pos);
459             case INVOKEVIRTUAL -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundInvokeInstruction(Opcode.INVOKEVIRTUAL, CodeImpl.this, pos);
460             case INVOKESPECIAL -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundInvokeInstruction(Opcode.INVOKESPECIAL, CodeImpl.this, pos);
461             case INVOKESTATIC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundInvokeInstruction(Opcode.INVOKESTATIC, CodeImpl.this, pos);
462             case INVOKEINTERFACE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundInvokeInterfaceInstruction(Opcode.INVOKEINTERFACE, CodeImpl.this, pos);
463             case INVOKEDYNAMIC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundInvokeDynamicInstruction(Opcode.INVOKEDYNAMIC, CodeImpl.this, pos);
464             case NEW -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundNewObjectInstruction(CodeImpl.this, pos);
465             case NEWARRAY -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundNewPrimitiveArrayInstruction(Opcode.NEWARRAY, CodeImpl.this, pos);
466             case ANEWARRAY -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundNewReferenceArrayInstruction(Opcode.ANEWARRAY, CodeImpl.this, pos);
467             case CHECKCAST -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundTypeCheckInstruction(Opcode.CHECKCAST, CodeImpl.this, pos);
468             case INSTANCEOF -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundTypeCheckInstruction(Opcode.INSTANCEOF, CodeImpl.this, pos);
469 
470             case WIDE -> {
471                 int bclow = classReader.readU1(pos + 1);
472                 yield switch (bclow) {
473                     case ILOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.ILOAD_W, this, pos);
474                     case LLOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.LLOAD_W, this, pos);
475                     case FLOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.FLOAD_W, this, pos);
476                     case DLOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.DLOAD_W, this, pos);
477                     case ALOAD -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundLoadInstruction(Opcode.ALOAD_W, this, pos);
478                     case ISTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.ISTORE_W, this, pos);
479                     case LSTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.LSTORE_W, this, pos);
480                     case FSTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.FSTORE_W, this, pos);
481                     case DSTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.DSTORE_W, this, pos);
482                     case ASTORE -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundStoreInstruction(Opcode.ASTORE_W, this, pos);
483                     case IINC -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundIncrementInstruction(Opcode.IINC_W, this, pos);
484                     case RET ->  new AbstractInstruction.BoundRetInstruction(Opcode.RET_W, this, pos);
485                     default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown wide instruction: " + bclow);
486                 };
487             }
488 
489             case MULTIANEWARRAY -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundNewMultidimensionalArrayInstruction(Opcode.MULTIANEWARRAY, CodeImpl.this, pos);
490             case IFNULL -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFNULL, CodeImpl.this, pos);
491             case IFNONNULL -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.IFNONNULL, CodeImpl.this, pos);
492             case GOTO_W -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundBranchInstruction(Opcode.GOTO_W, CodeImpl.this, pos);
493 
494             case JSR -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundJsrInstruction(Opcode.JSR, CodeImpl.this, pos);
495             case RET ->  new AbstractInstruction.BoundRetInstruction(Opcode.RET, this, pos);
496             case JSR_W -> new AbstractInstruction.BoundJsrInstruction(Opcode.JSR_W, CodeImpl.this, pos);
497             default -> {
498                 Instruction instr = SINGLETON_INSTRUCTIONS[bc];
499                 if (instr == null)
500                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("unknown instruction: " + bc);
501                 yield instr;
502             }
503         };
504     }
505 
506     @Override
507     public String toString() {
508         return String.format("CodeModel[id=%d]", System.identityHashCode(this));
509     }
510 }