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src/java.base/share/classes/jdk/internal/misc/Unsafe.java

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   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package jdk.internal.misc;
  27 

  28 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.AOTRuntimeSetup;
  29 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.AOTSafeClassInitializer;
  30 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
  31 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.IntrinsicCandidate;
  32 import sun.nio.Cleaner;
  33 import sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer;
  34 
  35 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  36 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
  37 
  38 import static jdk.internal.misc.UnsafeConstants.*;
  39 
  40 /**
  41  * A collection of methods for performing low-level, unsafe operations.
  42  * Although the class and all methods are public, use of this class is
  43  * limited because only trusted code can obtain instances of it.
  44  *
  45  * <em>Note:</em> It is the responsibility of the caller to make sure
  46  * arguments are checked before methods of this class are
  47  * called. While some rudimentary checks are performed on the input,

 169      * The first two parameters are interpreted exactly as with
 170      * {@link #getInt(Object, long)} to refer to a specific
 171      * Java variable (field or array element).  The given value
 172      * is stored into that variable.
 173      * <p>
 174      * The variable must be of the same type as the method
 175      * parameter {@code x}.
 176      *
 177      * @param o Java heap object in which the variable resides, if any, else
 178      *        null
 179      * @param offset indication of where the variable resides in a Java heap
 180      *        object, if any, else a memory address locating the variable
 181      *        statically
 182      * @param x the value to store into the indicated Java variable
 183      * @throws RuntimeException No defined exceptions are thrown, not even
 184      *         {@link NullPointerException}
 185      */
 186     @IntrinsicCandidate
 187     public native void putInt(Object o, long offset, int x);
 188 

















































































 189     /**
 190      * Fetches a reference value from a given Java variable.



 191      * @see #getInt(Object, long)
 192      */
 193     @IntrinsicCandidate
 194     public native Object getReference(Object o, long offset);
 195 
 196     /**
 197      * Stores a reference value into a given Java variable.


 198      * <p>
 199      * Unless the reference {@code x} being stored is either null
 200      * or matches the field type, the results are undefined.
 201      * If the reference {@code o} is non-null, card marks or
 202      * other store barriers for that object (if the VM requires them)
 203      * are updated.
 204      * @see #putInt(Object, long, int)
 205      */
 206     @IntrinsicCandidate
 207     public native void putReference(Object o, long offset, Object x);
 208 














































































 209     /** @see #getInt(Object, long) */
 210     @IntrinsicCandidate
 211     public native boolean getBoolean(Object o, long offset);
 212 
 213     /** @see #putInt(Object, long, int) */
 214     @IntrinsicCandidate
 215     public native void    putBoolean(Object o, long offset, boolean x);
 216 
 217     /** @see #getInt(Object, long) */
 218     @IntrinsicCandidate
 219     public native byte    getByte(Object o, long offset);
 220 
 221     /** @see #putInt(Object, long, int) */
 222     @IntrinsicCandidate
 223     public native void    putByte(Object o, long offset, byte x);
 224 
 225     /** @see #getInt(Object, long) */
 226     @IntrinsicCandidate
 227     public native short   getShort(Object o, long offset);
 228 

1178     }
1179 
1180     /**
1181      * Ensures the given class has been initialized (see JVMS-5.5 for details).
1182      * This is often needed in conjunction with obtaining the static field base
1183      * of a class.
1184      *
1185      * The call returns when either class {@code c} is fully initialized or
1186      * class {@code c} is being initialized and the call is performed from
1187      * the initializing thread. In the latter case a subsequent call to
1188      * {@link #shouldBeInitialized} will return {@code true}.
1189      */
1190     public void ensureClassInitialized(Class<?> c) {
1191         if (c == null) {
1192             throw new NullPointerException();
1193         }
1194 
1195         ensureClassInitialized0(c);
1196     }
1197 















1198     /**
1199      * Reports the offset of the first element in the storage allocation of a
1200      * given array class.  If {@link #arrayIndexScale} returns a non-zero value
1201      * for the same class, you may use that scale factor, together with this
1202      * base offset, to form new offsets to access elements of arrays of the
1203      * given class.
1204      * <p>
1205      * The return value is in the range of a {@code int}.  The return type is
1206      * {@code long} to emphasize that long arithmetic should always be used
1207      * for offset calculations to avoid overflows.





1208      *
1209      * @see #getInt(Object, long)
1210      * @see #putInt(Object, long, int)
1211      */
1212     public long arrayBaseOffset(Class<?> arrayClass) {
1213         if (arrayClass == null) {
1214             throw new NullPointerException();
1215         }
1216 
1217         return arrayBaseOffset0(arrayClass);
1218     }
1219 







1220 
1221     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(boolean[].class)} */
1222     public static final long ARRAY_BOOLEAN_BASE_OFFSET
1223             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(boolean[].class);
1224 
1225     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class)} */
1226     public static final long ARRAY_BYTE_BASE_OFFSET
1227             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class);
1228 
1229     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(short[].class)} */
1230     public static final long ARRAY_SHORT_BASE_OFFSET
1231             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(short[].class);
1232 
1233     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(char[].class)} */
1234     public static final long ARRAY_CHAR_BASE_OFFSET
1235             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(char[].class);
1236 
1237     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(int[].class)} */
1238     public static final long ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET
1239             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(int[].class);

1246     public static final long ARRAY_FLOAT_BASE_OFFSET
1247             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(float[].class);
1248 
1249     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(double[].class)} */
1250     public static final long ARRAY_DOUBLE_BASE_OFFSET
1251             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(double[].class);
1252 
1253     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class)} */
1254     public static final long ARRAY_OBJECT_BASE_OFFSET
1255             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
1256 
1257     /**
1258      * Reports the scale factor for addressing elements in the storage
1259      * allocation of a given array class.  However, arrays of "narrow" types
1260      * will generally not work properly with accessors like {@link
1261      * #getByte(Object, long)}, so the scale factor for such classes is reported
1262      * as zero.
1263      * <p>
1264      * The computation of the actual memory offset should always use {@code
1265      * long} arithmetic to avoid overflows.





1266      *
1267      * @see #arrayBaseOffset
1268      * @see #getInt(Object, long)
1269      * @see #putInt(Object, long, int)
1270      */
1271     public int arrayIndexScale(Class<?> arrayClass) {
1272         if (arrayClass == null) {
1273             throw new NullPointerException();
1274         }
1275 
1276         return arrayIndexScale0(arrayClass);
1277     }
1278 


























1279 
1280     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(boolean[].class)} */
1281     public static final int ARRAY_BOOLEAN_INDEX_SCALE
1282             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(boolean[].class);
1283 
1284     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(byte[].class)} */
1285     public static final int ARRAY_BYTE_INDEX_SCALE
1286             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(byte[].class);
1287 
1288     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(short[].class)} */
1289     public static final int ARRAY_SHORT_INDEX_SCALE
1290             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(short[].class);
1291 
1292     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(char[].class)} */
1293     public static final int ARRAY_CHAR_INDEX_SCALE
1294             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(char[].class);
1295 
1296     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(int[].class)} */
1297     public static final int ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE
1298             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(int[].class);

1437        return null;
1438     }
1439 
1440     /** Throws the exception without telling the verifier. */
1441     public native void throwException(Throwable ee);
1442 
1443     /**
1444      * Atomically updates Java variable to {@code x} if it is currently
1445      * holding {@code expected}.
1446      *
1447      * <p>This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
1448      * and write.  Corresponds to C11 atomic_compare_exchange_strong.
1449      *
1450      * @return {@code true} if successful
1451      */
1452     @IntrinsicCandidate
1453     public final native boolean compareAndSetReference(Object o, long offset,
1454                                                        Object expected,
1455                                                        Object x);
1456 













































1457     @IntrinsicCandidate
1458     public final native Object compareAndExchangeReference(Object o, long offset,
1459                                                            Object expected,
1460                                                            Object x);
1461 





































1462     @IntrinsicCandidate
1463     public final Object compareAndExchangeReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1464                                                            Object expected,
1465                                                            Object x) {
1466         return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1467     }
1468 
















1469     @IntrinsicCandidate
1470     public final Object compareAndExchangeReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset,
1471                                                            Object expected,
1472                                                            Object x) {
1473         return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1474     }
1475 
















1476     @IntrinsicCandidate
1477     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(Object o, long offset,
1478                                                          Object expected,
1479                                                          Object x) {
1480         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1481     }
1482 




















1483     @IntrinsicCandidate
1484     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1485                                                            Object expected,
1486                                                            Object x) {
1487         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1488     }
1489 




















1490     @IntrinsicCandidate
1491     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset,
1492                                                            Object expected,
1493                                                            Object x) {
1494         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1495     }
1496 




















1497     @IntrinsicCandidate
1498     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReference(Object o, long offset,
1499                                                     Object expected,
1500                                                     Object x) {
1501         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1502     }
1503 




















1504     /**
1505      * Atomically updates Java variable to {@code x} if it is currently
1506      * holding {@code expected}.
1507      *
1508      * <p>This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
1509      * and write.  Corresponds to C11 atomic_compare_exchange_strong.
1510      *
1511      * @return {@code true} if successful
1512      */
1513     @IntrinsicCandidate
1514     public final native boolean compareAndSetInt(Object o, long offset,
1515                                                  int expected,
1516                                                  int x);
1517 
1518     @IntrinsicCandidate
1519     public final native int compareAndExchangeInt(Object o, long offset,
1520                                                   int expected,
1521                                                   int x);
1522 
1523     @IntrinsicCandidate

2099     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetLongRelease(Object o, long offset,
2100                                                       long expected,
2101                                                       long x) {
2102         return compareAndSetLong(o, offset, expected, x);
2103     }
2104 
2105     @IntrinsicCandidate
2106     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetLong(Object o, long offset,
2107                                                long expected,
2108                                                long x) {
2109         return compareAndSetLong(o, offset, expected, x);
2110     }
2111 
2112     /**
2113      * Fetches a reference value from a given Java variable, with volatile
2114      * load semantics. Otherwise identical to {@link #getReference(Object, long)}
2115      */
2116     @IntrinsicCandidate
2117     public native Object getReferenceVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2118 








2119     /**
2120      * Stores a reference value into a given Java variable, with
2121      * volatile store semantics. Otherwise identical to {@link #putReference(Object, long, Object)}
2122      */
2123     @IntrinsicCandidate
2124     public native void putReferenceVolatile(Object o, long offset, Object x);
2125 







2126     /** Volatile version of {@link #getInt(Object, long)}  */
2127     @IntrinsicCandidate
2128     public native int     getIntVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2129 
2130     /** Volatile version of {@link #putInt(Object, long, int)}  */
2131     @IntrinsicCandidate
2132     public native void    putIntVolatile(Object o, long offset, int x);
2133 
2134     /** Volatile version of {@link #getBoolean(Object, long)}  */
2135     @IntrinsicCandidate
2136     public native boolean getBooleanVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2137 
2138     /** Volatile version of {@link #putBoolean(Object, long, boolean)}  */
2139     @IntrinsicCandidate
2140     public native void    putBooleanVolatile(Object o, long offset, boolean x);
2141 
2142     /** Volatile version of {@link #getByte(Object, long)}  */
2143     @IntrinsicCandidate
2144     public native byte    getByteVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2145 

2178     /** Volatile version of {@link #putFloat(Object, long, float)}  */
2179     @IntrinsicCandidate
2180     public native void    putFloatVolatile(Object o, long offset, float x);
2181 
2182     /** Volatile version of {@link #getDouble(Object, long)}  */
2183     @IntrinsicCandidate
2184     public native double  getDoubleVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2185 
2186     /** Volatile version of {@link #putDouble(Object, long, double)}  */
2187     @IntrinsicCandidate
2188     public native void    putDoubleVolatile(Object o, long offset, double x);
2189 
2190 
2191 
2192     /** Acquire version of {@link #getReferenceVolatile(Object, long)} */
2193     @IntrinsicCandidate
2194     public final Object getReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2195         return getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
2196     }
2197 








2198     /** Acquire version of {@link #getBooleanVolatile(Object, long)} */
2199     @IntrinsicCandidate
2200     public final boolean getBooleanAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2201         return getBooleanVolatile(o, offset);
2202     }
2203 
2204     /** Acquire version of {@link #getByteVolatile(Object, long)} */
2205     @IntrinsicCandidate
2206     public final byte getByteAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2207         return getByteVolatile(o, offset);
2208     }
2209 
2210     /** Acquire version of {@link #getShortVolatile(Object, long)} */
2211     @IntrinsicCandidate
2212     public final short getShortAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2213         return getShortVolatile(o, offset);
2214     }
2215 
2216     /** Acquire version of {@link #getCharVolatile(Object, long)} */
2217     @IntrinsicCandidate

2242     public final double getDoubleAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2243         return getDoubleVolatile(o, offset);
2244     }
2245 
2246     /*
2247      * Versions of {@link #putReferenceVolatile(Object, long, Object)}
2248      * that do not guarantee immediate visibility of the store to
2249      * other threads. This method is generally only useful if the
2250      * underlying field is a Java volatile (or if an array cell, one
2251      * that is otherwise only accessed using volatile accesses).
2252      *
2253      * Corresponds to C11 atomic_store_explicit(..., memory_order_release).
2254      */
2255 
2256     /** Release version of {@link #putReferenceVolatile(Object, long, Object)} */
2257     @IntrinsicCandidate
2258     public final void putReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset, Object x) {
2259         putReferenceVolatile(o, offset, x);
2260     }
2261 







2262     /** Release version of {@link #putBooleanVolatile(Object, long, boolean)} */
2263     @IntrinsicCandidate
2264     public final void putBooleanRelease(Object o, long offset, boolean x) {
2265         putBooleanVolatile(o, offset, x);
2266     }
2267 
2268     /** Release version of {@link #putByteVolatile(Object, long, byte)} */
2269     @IntrinsicCandidate
2270     public final void putByteRelease(Object o, long offset, byte x) {
2271         putByteVolatile(o, offset, x);
2272     }
2273 
2274     /** Release version of {@link #putShortVolatile(Object, long, short)} */
2275     @IntrinsicCandidate
2276     public final void putShortRelease(Object o, long offset, short x) {
2277         putShortVolatile(o, offset, x);
2278     }
2279 
2280     /** Release version of {@link #putCharVolatile(Object, long, char)} */
2281     @IntrinsicCandidate

2298     /** Release version of {@link #putLongVolatile(Object, long, long)} */
2299     @IntrinsicCandidate
2300     public final void putLongRelease(Object o, long offset, long x) {
2301         putLongVolatile(o, offset, x);
2302     }
2303 
2304     /** Release version of {@link #putDoubleVolatile(Object, long, double)} */
2305     @IntrinsicCandidate
2306     public final void putDoubleRelease(Object o, long offset, double x) {
2307         putDoubleVolatile(o, offset, x);
2308     }
2309 
2310     // ------------------------------ Opaque --------------------------------------
2311 
2312     /** Opaque version of {@link #getReferenceVolatile(Object, long)} */
2313     @IntrinsicCandidate
2314     public final Object getReferenceOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2315         return getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
2316     }
2317 






2318     /** Opaque version of {@link #getBooleanVolatile(Object, long)} */
2319     @IntrinsicCandidate
2320     public final boolean getBooleanOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2321         return getBooleanVolatile(o, offset);
2322     }
2323 
2324     /** Opaque version of {@link #getByteVolatile(Object, long)} */
2325     @IntrinsicCandidate
2326     public final byte getByteOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2327         return getByteVolatile(o, offset);
2328     }
2329 
2330     /** Opaque version of {@link #getShortVolatile(Object, long)} */
2331     @IntrinsicCandidate
2332     public final short getShortOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2333         return getShortVolatile(o, offset);
2334     }
2335 
2336     /** Opaque version of {@link #getCharVolatile(Object, long)} */
2337     @IntrinsicCandidate

2352     }
2353 
2354     /** Opaque version of {@link #getLongVolatile(Object, long)} */
2355     @IntrinsicCandidate
2356     public final long getLongOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2357         return getLongVolatile(o, offset);
2358     }
2359 
2360     /** Opaque version of {@link #getDoubleVolatile(Object, long)} */
2361     @IntrinsicCandidate
2362     public final double getDoubleOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2363         return getDoubleVolatile(o, offset);
2364     }
2365 
2366     /** Opaque version of {@link #putReferenceVolatile(Object, long, Object)} */
2367     @IntrinsicCandidate
2368     public final void putReferenceOpaque(Object o, long offset, Object x) {
2369         putReferenceVolatile(o, offset, x);
2370     }
2371 






2372     /** Opaque version of {@link #putBooleanVolatile(Object, long, boolean)} */
2373     @IntrinsicCandidate
2374     public final void putBooleanOpaque(Object o, long offset, boolean x) {
2375         putBooleanVolatile(o, offset, x);
2376     }
2377 
2378     /** Opaque version of {@link #putByteVolatile(Object, long, byte)} */
2379     @IntrinsicCandidate
2380     public final void putByteOpaque(Object o, long offset, byte x) {
2381         putByteVolatile(o, offset, x);
2382     }
2383 
2384     /** Opaque version of {@link #putShortVolatile(Object, long, short)} */
2385     @IntrinsicCandidate
2386     public final void putShortOpaque(Object o, long offset, short x) {
2387         putShortVolatile(o, offset, x);
2388     }
2389 
2390     /** Opaque version of {@link #putCharVolatile(Object, long, char)} */
2391     @IntrinsicCandidate

2400     }
2401 
2402     /** Opaque version of {@link #putFloatVolatile(Object, long, float)} */
2403     @IntrinsicCandidate
2404     public final void putFloatOpaque(Object o, long offset, float x) {
2405         putFloatVolatile(o, offset, x);
2406     }
2407 
2408     /** Opaque version of {@link #putLongVolatile(Object, long, long)} */
2409     @IntrinsicCandidate
2410     public final void putLongOpaque(Object o, long offset, long x) {
2411         putLongVolatile(o, offset, x);
2412     }
2413 
2414     /** Opaque version of {@link #putDoubleVolatile(Object, long, double)} */
2415     @IntrinsicCandidate
2416     public final void putDoubleOpaque(Object o, long offset, double x) {
2417         putDoubleVolatile(o, offset, x);
2418     }
2419 








































2420     /**
2421      * Unblocks the given thread blocked on {@code park}, or, if it is
2422      * not blocked, causes the subsequent call to {@code park} not to
2423      * block.  Note: this operation is "unsafe" solely because the
2424      * caller must somehow ensure that the thread has not been
2425      * destroyed. Nothing special is usually required to ensure this
2426      * when called from Java (in which there will ordinarily be a live
2427      * reference to the thread) but this is not nearly-automatically
2428      * so when calling from native code.
2429      *
2430      * @param thread the thread to unpark.
2431      */
2432     @IntrinsicCandidate
2433     public native void unpark(Object thread);
2434 
2435     /**
2436      * Blocks current thread, returning when a balancing
2437      * {@code unpark} occurs, or a balancing {@code unpark} has
2438      * already occurred, or the thread is interrupted, or, if not
2439      * absolute and time is not zero, the given time nanoseconds have

2786     /**
2787      * Atomically exchanges the given reference value with the current
2788      * reference value of a field or array element within the given
2789      * object {@code o} at the given {@code offset}.
2790      *
2791      * @param o object/array to update the field/element in
2792      * @param offset field/element offset
2793      * @param newValue new value
2794      * @return the previous value
2795      * @since 1.8
2796      */
2797     @IntrinsicCandidate
2798     public final Object getAndSetReference(Object o, long offset, Object newValue) {
2799         Object v;
2800         do {
2801             v = getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
2802         } while (!weakCompareAndSetReference(o, offset, v, newValue));
2803         return v;
2804     }
2805 


















2806     @ForceInline
2807     public final Object getAndSetReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset, Object newValue) {
2808         Object v;
2809         do {
2810             v = getReference(o, offset);
2811         } while (!weakCompareAndSetReferenceRelease(o, offset, v, newValue));
2812         return v;
2813     }
2814 










2815     @ForceInline
2816     public final Object getAndSetReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset, Object newValue) {
2817         Object v;
2818         do {
2819             v = getReferenceAcquire(o, offset);
2820         } while (!weakCompareAndSetReferenceAcquire(o, offset, v, newValue));
2821         return v;
2822     }
2823 










2824     @IntrinsicCandidate
2825     public final byte getAndSetByte(Object o, long offset, byte newValue) {
2826         byte v;
2827         do {
2828             v = getByteVolatile(o, offset);
2829         } while (!weakCompareAndSetByte(o, offset, v, newValue));
2830         return v;
2831     }
2832 
2833     @ForceInline
2834     public final byte getAndSetByteRelease(Object o, long offset, byte newValue) {
2835         byte v;
2836         do {
2837             v = getByte(o, offset);
2838         } while (!weakCompareAndSetByteRelease(o, offset, v, newValue));
2839         return v;
2840     }
2841 
2842     @ForceInline
2843     public final byte getAndSetByteAcquire(Object o, long offset, byte newValue) {

3859     private static short convEndian(boolean big, short n) { return big == BIG_ENDIAN ? n : Short.reverseBytes(n)    ; }
3860     private static int convEndian(boolean big, int n)     { return big == BIG_ENDIAN ? n : Integer.reverseBytes(n)  ; }
3861     private static long convEndian(boolean big, long n)   { return big == BIG_ENDIAN ? n : Long.reverseBytes(n)     ; }
3862 
3863 
3864 
3865     private native long allocateMemory0(long bytes);
3866     private native long reallocateMemory0(long address, long bytes);
3867     private native void freeMemory0(long address);
3868     @IntrinsicCandidate
3869     private native void setMemory0(Object o, long offset, long bytes, byte value);
3870     @IntrinsicCandidate
3871     private native void copyMemory0(Object srcBase, long srcOffset, Object destBase, long destOffset, long bytes);
3872     private native void copySwapMemory0(Object srcBase, long srcOffset, Object destBase, long destOffset, long bytes, long elemSize);
3873     private native long objectFieldOffset0(Field f); // throws IAE
3874     private native long knownObjectFieldOffset0(Class<?> c, String name); // error code: -1 not found, -2 static
3875     private native long staticFieldOffset0(Field f); // throws IAE
3876     private native Object staticFieldBase0(Field f); // throws IAE
3877     private native boolean shouldBeInitialized0(Class<?> c);
3878     private native void ensureClassInitialized0(Class<?> c);

3879     private native int arrayBaseOffset0(Class<?> arrayClass); // public version returns long to promote correct arithmetic


3880     private native int arrayIndexScale0(Class<?> arrayClass);



3881     private native int getLoadAverage0(double[] loadavg, int nelems);

3882 
3883 
3884     /**
3885      * Invokes the given direct byte buffer's cleaner, if any.
3886      *
3887      * @param directBuffer a direct byte buffer
3888      * @throws NullPointerException     if {@code directBuffer} is null
3889      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code directBuffer} is non-direct,
3890      *                                  or is a {@link java.nio.Buffer#slice slice}, or is a
3891      *                                  {@link java.nio.Buffer#duplicate duplicate}
3892      */
3893     public void invokeCleaner(java.nio.ByteBuffer directBuffer) {
3894         if (!directBuffer.isDirect())
3895             throw new IllegalArgumentException("buffer is non-direct");
3896 
3897         DirectBuffer db = (DirectBuffer) directBuffer;
3898         if (db.attachment() != null)
3899             throw new IllegalArgumentException("duplicate or slice");
3900 
3901         Cleaner cleaner = db.cleaner();

   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package jdk.internal.misc;
  27 
  28 import jdk.internal.value.ValueClass;
  29 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.AOTRuntimeSetup;
  30 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.AOTSafeClassInitializer;
  31 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
  32 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.IntrinsicCandidate;
  33 import sun.nio.Cleaner;
  34 import sun.nio.ch.DirectBuffer;
  35 
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  37 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
  38 
  39 import static jdk.internal.misc.UnsafeConstants.*;
  40 
  41 /**
  42  * A collection of methods for performing low-level, unsafe operations.
  43  * Although the class and all methods are public, use of this class is
  44  * limited because only trusted code can obtain instances of it.
  45  *
  46  * <em>Note:</em> It is the responsibility of the caller to make sure
  47  * arguments are checked before methods of this class are
  48  * called. While some rudimentary checks are performed on the input,

 170      * The first two parameters are interpreted exactly as with
 171      * {@link #getInt(Object, long)} to refer to a specific
 172      * Java variable (field or array element).  The given value
 173      * is stored into that variable.
 174      * <p>
 175      * The variable must be of the same type as the method
 176      * parameter {@code x}.
 177      *
 178      * @param o Java heap object in which the variable resides, if any, else
 179      *        null
 180      * @param offset indication of where the variable resides in a Java heap
 181      *        object, if any, else a memory address locating the variable
 182      *        statically
 183      * @param x the value to store into the indicated Java variable
 184      * @throws RuntimeException No defined exceptions are thrown, not even
 185      *         {@link NullPointerException}
 186      */
 187     @IntrinsicCandidate
 188     public native void putInt(Object o, long offset, int x);
 189 
 190 
 191     /**
 192      * Returns true if the given field is flattened.
 193      */
 194     public boolean isFlatField(Field f) {
 195         if (f == null) {
 196             throw new NullPointerException();
 197         }
 198         return isFlatField0(f);
 199     }
 200 
 201     private native boolean isFlatField0(Object o);
 202 
 203     /* Returns true if the given field has a null marker
 204      * <p>
 205      * Nullable flat fields are stored in a flattened representation
 206      * and have an associated null marker to indicate if the the field value is
 207      * null or the one stored with the flat representation
 208      */
 209 
 210     public boolean hasNullMarker(Field f) {
 211         if (f == null) {
 212             throw new NullPointerException();
 213         }
 214         return hasNullMarker0(f);
 215     }
 216 
 217     private native boolean hasNullMarker0(Object o);
 218 
 219     /* Returns the offset of the null marker of the field,
 220     * or -1 if the field doesn't have a null marker
 221     */
 222 
 223     public int nullMarkerOffset(Field f) {
 224         if (f == null) {
 225             throw new NullPointerException();
 226         }
 227         return nullMarkerOffset0(f);
 228     }
 229 
 230     private native int nullMarkerOffset0(Object o);
 231 
 232     public static final int NON_FLAT_LAYOUT = 0;
 233 
 234     /* Reports the kind of layout used for an element in the storage
 235      * allocation of the given array. Do not expect to perform any logic
 236      * or layout control with this value, it is just an opaque token
 237      * used for performance reasons.
 238      *
 239      * A layout of 0 indicates this array is not flat.
 240      */
 241     public int arrayLayout(Object[] array) {
 242         if (array == null) {
 243             throw new NullPointerException();
 244         }
 245         return arrayLayout0(array);
 246     }
 247 
 248     @IntrinsicCandidate
 249     private native int arrayLayout0(Object[] array);
 250 
 251 
 252     /* Reports the kind of layout used for a given field in the storage
 253      * allocation of its class.  Do not expect to perform any logic
 254      * or layout control with this value, it is just an opaque token
 255      * used for performance reasons.
 256      *
 257      * A layout of 0 indicates this field is not flat.
 258      */
 259     public int fieldLayout(Field f) {
 260         if (f == null) {
 261             throw new NullPointerException();
 262         }
 263         return fieldLayout0(f);
 264     }
 265 
 266     private native int fieldLayout0(Object o);
 267 
 268     public native Object[] newSpecialArray(Class<?> componentType,
 269                                                   int length, int layoutKind);
 270 
 271     /**
 272      * Fetches a reference value from a given Java variable.
 273      * This method can return a reference to either an object or value
 274      * or a null reference.
 275      *
 276      * @see #getInt(Object, long)
 277      */
 278     @IntrinsicCandidate
 279     public native Object getReference(Object o, long offset);
 280 
 281     /**
 282      * Stores a reference value into a given Java variable.
 283      * This method can store a reference to either an object or value
 284      * or a null reference.
 285      * <p>
 286      * Unless the reference {@code x} being stored is either null
 287      * or matches the field type, the results are undefined.
 288      * If the reference {@code o} is non-null, card marks or
 289      * other store barriers for that object (if the VM requires them)
 290      * are updated.
 291      * @see #putInt(Object, long, int)
 292      */
 293     @IntrinsicCandidate
 294     public native void putReference(Object o, long offset, Object x);
 295 
 296     /**
 297      * Fetches a value of type {@code <V>} from a given Java variable.
 298      * More specifically, fetches a field or array element within the given
 299      * {@code o} object at the given offset, or (if {@code o} is null)
 300      * from the memory address whose numerical value is the given offset.
 301      *
 302      * @apiNote
 303      * The returned object is newly allocated into the heap, because flat
 304      * values lack object headers and thus can't be used as objects directly.
 305      *
 306      * @param o Java heap object in which the variable resides, if any, else
 307      *        null
 308      * @param offset indication of where the variable resides in a Java heap
 309      *        object, if any, else a memory address locating the variable
 310      *        statically
 311      * @param layoutKind opaque value used by the VM to know the layout
 312      *        the field or array element. This value must be retrieved with
 313      *        {@link #fieldLayout} or {@link #arrayLayout}.
 314      * @param valueType value type
 315      * @param <V> the type of a value
 316      * @return the value fetched from the indicated Java variable
 317      * @throws RuntimeException No defined exceptions are thrown, not even
 318      *         {@link NullPointerException}
 319      */
 320     @IntrinsicCandidate
 321     public native <V> V getFlatValue(Object o, long offset, int layoutKind, Class<?> valueType);
 322 
 323     /**
 324      * Stores the given value into a given Java variable.
 325      *
 326      * Unless the reference {@code o} being stored is either null
 327      * or matches the field type, the results are undefined.
 328      *
 329      * @param o Java heap object in which the variable resides, if any, else
 330      *        null
 331      * @param offset indication of where the variable resides in a Java heap
 332      *        object, if any, else a memory address locating the variable
 333      *        statically
 334      * @param layoutKind opaque value used by the VM to know the layout
 335      *        the field or array element. This value must be retrieved with
 336      *        {@link #fieldLayout} or {@link #arrayLayout}.
 337      * @param valueType value type
 338      * @param v the value to store into the indicated Java variable
 339      * @param <V> the type of a value
 340      * @throws RuntimeException No defined exceptions are thrown, not even
 341      *         {@link NullPointerException}
 342      */
 343     @IntrinsicCandidate
 344     public native <V> void putFlatValue(Object o, long offset, int layoutKind, Class<?> valueType, V v);
 345 
 346     /**
 347      * Returns an object instance with a private buffered value whose layout
 348      * and contents is exactly the given value instance.  The return object
 349      * is in the larval state that can be updated using the unsafe put operation.
 350      *
 351      * @param value a value instance
 352      * @param <V> the type of the given value instance
 353      */
 354     @IntrinsicCandidate
 355     public native <V> V makePrivateBuffer(V value);
 356 
 357     /**
 358      * Exits the larval state and returns a value instance.
 359      *
 360      * @param value a value instance
 361      * @param <V> the type of the given value instance
 362      */
 363     @IntrinsicCandidate
 364     public native <V> V finishPrivateBuffer(V value);
 365 
 366     /**
 367      * Returns the header size of the given value type.
 368      *
 369      * @param valueType value type
 370      * @return the header size of the value type
 371      */
 372     public native <V> long valueHeaderSize(Class<V> valueType);
 373 
 374     /** @see #getInt(Object, long) */
 375     @IntrinsicCandidate
 376     public native boolean getBoolean(Object o, long offset);
 377 
 378     /** @see #putInt(Object, long, int) */
 379     @IntrinsicCandidate
 380     public native void    putBoolean(Object o, long offset, boolean x);
 381 
 382     /** @see #getInt(Object, long) */
 383     @IntrinsicCandidate
 384     public native byte    getByte(Object o, long offset);
 385 
 386     /** @see #putInt(Object, long, int) */
 387     @IntrinsicCandidate
 388     public native void    putByte(Object o, long offset, byte x);
 389 
 390     /** @see #getInt(Object, long) */
 391     @IntrinsicCandidate
 392     public native short   getShort(Object o, long offset);
 393 

1343     }
1344 
1345     /**
1346      * Ensures the given class has been initialized (see JVMS-5.5 for details).
1347      * This is often needed in conjunction with obtaining the static field base
1348      * of a class.
1349      *
1350      * The call returns when either class {@code c} is fully initialized or
1351      * class {@code c} is being initialized and the call is performed from
1352      * the initializing thread. In the latter case a subsequent call to
1353      * {@link #shouldBeInitialized} will return {@code true}.
1354      */
1355     public void ensureClassInitialized(Class<?> c) {
1356         if (c == null) {
1357             throw new NullPointerException();
1358         }
1359 
1360         ensureClassInitialized0(c);
1361     }
1362 
1363     /**
1364      * The reading or writing of strict static fields may require
1365      * special processing.  Notify the VM that such an event is about
1366      * to happen.  The VM may respond by throwing an exception, in the
1367      * case of a read of an uninitialized field.  If the VM allows the
1368      * method to return normally, no further calls are needed, with
1369      * the same arguments.
1370      */
1371     public void notifyStrictStaticAccess(Class<?> c, long staticFieldOffset, boolean writing) {
1372         if (c == null) {
1373             throw new NullPointerException();
1374         }
1375         notifyStrictStaticAccess0(c, staticFieldOffset, writing);
1376     }
1377 
1378     /**
1379      * Reports the offset of the first element in the storage allocation of a
1380      * given array class.  If {@link #arrayIndexScale} returns a non-zero value
1381      * for the same class, you may use that scale factor, together with this
1382      * base offset, to form new offsets to access elements of arrays of the
1383      * given class.
1384      * <p>
1385      * The return value is in the range of a {@code int}.  The return type is
1386      * {@code long} to emphasize that long arithmetic should always be used
1387      * for offset calculations to avoid overflows.
1388      * <p>
1389      * This method doesn't support arrays with an element type that is
1390      * a value class, because this type of array can have multiple layouts.
1391      * For these arrays, {@code arrayInstanceBaseOffset(Object[] array)}
1392      * must be used instead.
1393      *
1394      * @see #getInt(Object, long)
1395      * @see #putInt(Object, long, int)
1396      */
1397     public long arrayBaseOffset(Class<?> arrayClass) {
1398         if (arrayClass == null) {
1399             throw new NullPointerException();
1400         }
1401 
1402         return arrayBaseOffset0(arrayClass);
1403     }
1404 
1405     public long arrayInstanceBaseOffset(Object[] array) {
1406         if (array == null) {
1407             throw new NullPointerException();
1408         }
1409 
1410         return arrayInstanceBaseOffset0(array);
1411     }
1412 
1413     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(boolean[].class)} */
1414     public static final long ARRAY_BOOLEAN_BASE_OFFSET
1415             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(boolean[].class);
1416 
1417     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class)} */
1418     public static final long ARRAY_BYTE_BASE_OFFSET
1419             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(byte[].class);
1420 
1421     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(short[].class)} */
1422     public static final long ARRAY_SHORT_BASE_OFFSET
1423             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(short[].class);
1424 
1425     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(char[].class)} */
1426     public static final long ARRAY_CHAR_BASE_OFFSET
1427             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(char[].class);
1428 
1429     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(int[].class)} */
1430     public static final long ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET
1431             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(int[].class);

1438     public static final long ARRAY_FLOAT_BASE_OFFSET
1439             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(float[].class);
1440 
1441     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(double[].class)} */
1442     public static final long ARRAY_DOUBLE_BASE_OFFSET
1443             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(double[].class);
1444 
1445     /** The value of {@code arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class)} */
1446     public static final long ARRAY_OBJECT_BASE_OFFSET
1447             = theUnsafe.arrayBaseOffset(Object[].class);
1448 
1449     /**
1450      * Reports the scale factor for addressing elements in the storage
1451      * allocation of a given array class.  However, arrays of "narrow" types
1452      * will generally not work properly with accessors like {@link
1453      * #getByte(Object, long)}, so the scale factor for such classes is reported
1454      * as zero.
1455      * <p>
1456      * The computation of the actual memory offset should always use {@code
1457      * long} arithmetic to avoid overflows.
1458      * <p>
1459      * This method doesn't support arrays with an element type that is
1460      * a value class, because this type of array can have multiple layouts.
1461      * For these arrays, {@code arrayInstanceIndexScale(Object[] array)}
1462      * must be used instead.
1463      *
1464      * @see #arrayBaseOffset
1465      * @see #getInt(Object, long)
1466      * @see #putInt(Object, long, int)
1467      */
1468     public int arrayIndexScale(Class<?> arrayClass) {
1469         if (arrayClass == null) {
1470             throw new NullPointerException();
1471         }
1472 
1473         return arrayIndexScale0(arrayClass);
1474     }
1475 
1476     public int arrayInstanceIndexScale(Object[] array) {
1477         if (array == null) {
1478             throw new NullPointerException();
1479         }
1480 
1481         return arrayInstanceIndexScale0(array);
1482     }
1483 
1484     public int[] getFieldMap(Class<? extends Object> c) {
1485       if (c == null) {
1486         throw new NullPointerException();
1487       }
1488       return getFieldMap0(c);
1489     }
1490 
1491     /**
1492      * Return the size of the object in the heap.
1493      * @param o an object
1494      * @return the objects's size
1495      * @since Valhalla
1496      */
1497     public long getObjectSize(Object o) {
1498         if (o == null)
1499             throw new NullPointerException();
1500         return getObjectSize0(o);
1501     }
1502 
1503     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(boolean[].class)} */
1504     public static final int ARRAY_BOOLEAN_INDEX_SCALE
1505             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(boolean[].class);
1506 
1507     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(byte[].class)} */
1508     public static final int ARRAY_BYTE_INDEX_SCALE
1509             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(byte[].class);
1510 
1511     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(short[].class)} */
1512     public static final int ARRAY_SHORT_INDEX_SCALE
1513             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(short[].class);
1514 
1515     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(char[].class)} */
1516     public static final int ARRAY_CHAR_INDEX_SCALE
1517             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(char[].class);
1518 
1519     /** The value of {@code arrayIndexScale(int[].class)} */
1520     public static final int ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE
1521             = theUnsafe.arrayIndexScale(int[].class);

1660        return null;
1661     }
1662 
1663     /** Throws the exception without telling the verifier. */
1664     public native void throwException(Throwable ee);
1665 
1666     /**
1667      * Atomically updates Java variable to {@code x} if it is currently
1668      * holding {@code expected}.
1669      *
1670      * <p>This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
1671      * and write.  Corresponds to C11 atomic_compare_exchange_strong.
1672      *
1673      * @return {@code true} if successful
1674      */
1675     @IntrinsicCandidate
1676     public final native boolean compareAndSetReference(Object o, long offset,
1677                                                        Object expected,
1678                                                        Object x);
1679 
1680     private final boolean isValueObject(Object o) {
1681         return o != null && o.getClass().isValue();
1682     }
1683 
1684     /*
1685      * For value type, CAS should do substitutability test as opposed
1686      * to two pointers comparison.
1687      */
1688     @ForceInline
1689     public final <V> boolean compareAndSetReference(Object o, long offset,
1690                                                     Class<?> type,
1691                                                     V expected,
1692                                                     V x) {
1693         if (type.isValue() || isValueObject(expected)) {
1694             while (true) {
1695                 Object witness = getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
1696                 if (witness != expected) {
1697                     return false;
1698                 }
1699                 if (compareAndSetReference(o, offset, witness, x)) {
1700                     return true;
1701                 }
1702             }
1703         } else {
1704             return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1705         }
1706     }
1707 
1708     @ForceInline
1709     public final <V> boolean compareAndSetFlatValue(Object o, long offset,
1710                                                 int layout,
1711                                                 Class<?> valueType,
1712                                                 V expected,
1713                                                 V x) {
1714         while (true) {
1715             Object witness = getFlatValueVolatile(o, offset, layout, valueType);
1716             if (witness != expected) {
1717                 return false;
1718             }
1719             if (compareAndSetFlatValueAsBytes(o, offset, layout, valueType, witness, x)) {
1720                 return true;
1721             }
1722         }
1723     }
1724 
1725     @IntrinsicCandidate
1726     public final native Object compareAndExchangeReference(Object o, long offset,
1727                                                            Object expected,
1728                                                            Object x);
1729 
1730     @ForceInline
1731     public final <V> Object compareAndExchangeReference(Object o, long offset,
1732                                                         Class<?> valueType,
1733                                                         V expected,
1734                                                         V x) {
1735         if (valueType.isValue() || isValueObject(expected)) {
1736             while (true) {
1737                 Object witness = getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
1738                 if (witness != expected) {
1739                     return witness;
1740                 }
1741                 if (compareAndSetReference(o, offset, witness, x)) {
1742                     return witness;
1743                 }
1744             }
1745         } else {
1746             return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1747         }
1748     }
1749 
1750     @ForceInline
1751     public final <V> Object compareAndExchangeFlatValue(Object o, long offset,
1752                                                     int layout,
1753                                                     Class<?> valueType,
1754                                                     V expected,
1755                                                     V x) {
1756         while (true) {
1757             Object witness = getFlatValueVolatile(o, offset, layout, valueType);
1758             if (witness != expected) {
1759                 return witness;
1760             }
1761             if (compareAndSetFlatValueAsBytes(o, offset, layout, valueType, witness, x)) {
1762                 return witness;
1763             }
1764         }
1765     }
1766 
1767     @IntrinsicCandidate
1768     public final Object compareAndExchangeReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1769                                                            Object expected,
1770                                                            Object x) {
1771         return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1772     }
1773 
1774     public final <V> Object compareAndExchangeReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1775                                                                Class<?> valueType,
1776                                                                V expected,
1777                                                                V x) {
1778         return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, valueType, expected, x);
1779     }
1780 
1781     @ForceInline
1782     public final <V> Object compareAndExchangeFlatValueAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1783                                                            int layout,
1784                                                            Class<?> valueType,
1785                                                            V expected,
1786                                                            V x) {
1787         return compareAndExchangeFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, expected, x);
1788     }
1789 
1790     @IntrinsicCandidate
1791     public final Object compareAndExchangeReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset,
1792                                                            Object expected,
1793                                                            Object x) {
1794         return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1795     }
1796 
1797     public final <V> Object compareAndExchangeReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset,
1798                                                                Class<?> valueType,
1799                                                                V expected,
1800                                                                V x) {
1801         return compareAndExchangeReference(o, offset, valueType, expected, x);
1802     }
1803 
1804     @ForceInline
1805     public final <V> Object compareAndExchangeFlatValueRelease(Object o, long offset,
1806                                                            int layout,
1807                                                            Class<?> valueType,
1808                                                            V expected,
1809                                                            V x) {
1810         return compareAndExchangeFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, expected, x);
1811     }
1812 
1813     @IntrinsicCandidate
1814     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(Object o, long offset,
1815                                                          Object expected,
1816                                                          Object x) {
1817         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1818     }
1819 
1820     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(Object o, long offset,
1821                                                              Class<?> valueType,
1822                                                              V expected,
1823                                                              V x) {
1824         if (valueType.isValue() || isValueObject(expected)) {
1825             return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, expected, x);
1826         } else {
1827             return weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(o, offset, expected, x);
1828         }
1829     }
1830 
1831     @ForceInline
1832     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetFlatValuePlain(Object o, long offset,
1833                                                          int layout,
1834                                                          Class<?> valueType,
1835                                                          V expected,
1836                                                          V x) {
1837         return compareAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, expected, x);
1838     }
1839 
1840     @IntrinsicCandidate
1841     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1842                                                            Object expected,
1843                                                            Object x) {
1844         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1845     }
1846 
1847     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1848                                                                Class<?> valueType,
1849                                                                V expected,
1850                                                                V x) {
1851         if (valueType.isValue() || isValueObject(expected)) {
1852             return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, expected, x);
1853         } else {
1854             return weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(o, offset, expected, x);
1855         }
1856     }
1857 
1858     @ForceInline
1859     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetFlatValueAcquire(Object o, long offset,
1860                                                            int layout,
1861                                                            Class<?> valueType,
1862                                                            V expected,
1863                                                            V x) {
1864         return compareAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, expected, x);
1865     }
1866 
1867     @IntrinsicCandidate
1868     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset,
1869                                                            Object expected,
1870                                                            Object x) {
1871         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1872     }
1873 
1874     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset,
1875                                                                Class<?> valueType,
1876                                                                V expected,
1877                                                                V x) {
1878         if (valueType.isValue() || isValueObject(expected)) {
1879             return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, expected, x);
1880         } else {
1881             return weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(o, offset, expected, x);
1882         }
1883     }
1884 
1885     @ForceInline
1886     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetFlatValueRelease(Object o, long offset,
1887                                                            int layout,
1888                                                            Class<?> valueType,
1889                                                            V expected,
1890                                                            V x) {
1891         return compareAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, expected, x);
1892     }
1893 
1894     @IntrinsicCandidate
1895     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetReference(Object o, long offset,
1896                                                     Object expected,
1897                                                     Object x) {
1898         return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, expected, x);
1899     }
1900 
1901     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetReference(Object o, long offset,
1902                                                         Class<?> valueType,
1903                                                         V expected,
1904                                                         V x) {
1905         if (valueType.isValue() || isValueObject(expected)) {
1906             return compareAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, expected, x);
1907         } else {
1908             return weakCompareAndSetReferencePlain(o, offset, expected, x);
1909         }
1910     }
1911 
1912     @ForceInline
1913     public final <V> boolean weakCompareAndSetFlatValue(Object o, long offset,
1914                                                     int layout,
1915                                                     Class<?> valueType,
1916                                                     V expected,
1917                                                     V x) {
1918         return compareAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, expected, x);
1919     }
1920 
1921     /**
1922      * Atomically updates Java variable to {@code x} if it is currently
1923      * holding {@code expected}.
1924      *
1925      * <p>This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
1926      * and write.  Corresponds to C11 atomic_compare_exchange_strong.
1927      *
1928      * @return {@code true} if successful
1929      */
1930     @IntrinsicCandidate
1931     public final native boolean compareAndSetInt(Object o, long offset,
1932                                                  int expected,
1933                                                  int x);
1934 
1935     @IntrinsicCandidate
1936     public final native int compareAndExchangeInt(Object o, long offset,
1937                                                   int expected,
1938                                                   int x);
1939 
1940     @IntrinsicCandidate

2516     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetLongRelease(Object o, long offset,
2517                                                       long expected,
2518                                                       long x) {
2519         return compareAndSetLong(o, offset, expected, x);
2520     }
2521 
2522     @IntrinsicCandidate
2523     public final boolean weakCompareAndSetLong(Object o, long offset,
2524                                                long expected,
2525                                                long x) {
2526         return compareAndSetLong(o, offset, expected, x);
2527     }
2528 
2529     /**
2530      * Fetches a reference value from a given Java variable, with volatile
2531      * load semantics. Otherwise identical to {@link #getReference(Object, long)}
2532      */
2533     @IntrinsicCandidate
2534     public native Object getReferenceVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2535 
2536     @ForceInline
2537     public final <V> Object getFlatValueVolatile(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType) {
2538         // we translate using fences (see: https://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/j9mm.html)
2539         Object res = getFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType);
2540         fullFence();
2541         return res;
2542     }
2543 
2544     /**
2545      * Stores a reference value into a given Java variable, with
2546      * volatile store semantics. Otherwise identical to {@link #putReference(Object, long, Object)}
2547      */
2548     @IntrinsicCandidate
2549     public native void putReferenceVolatile(Object o, long offset, Object x);
2550 
2551     @ForceInline
2552     public final <V> void putFlatValueVolatile(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType, V x) {
2553         // we translate using fences (see: https://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/j9mm.html)
2554         putFlatValueRelease(o, offset, layout, valueType, x);
2555         fullFence();
2556     }
2557 
2558     /** Volatile version of {@link #getInt(Object, long)}  */
2559     @IntrinsicCandidate
2560     public native int     getIntVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2561 
2562     /** Volatile version of {@link #putInt(Object, long, int)}  */
2563     @IntrinsicCandidate
2564     public native void    putIntVolatile(Object o, long offset, int x);
2565 
2566     /** Volatile version of {@link #getBoolean(Object, long)}  */
2567     @IntrinsicCandidate
2568     public native boolean getBooleanVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2569 
2570     /** Volatile version of {@link #putBoolean(Object, long, boolean)}  */
2571     @IntrinsicCandidate
2572     public native void    putBooleanVolatile(Object o, long offset, boolean x);
2573 
2574     /** Volatile version of {@link #getByte(Object, long)}  */
2575     @IntrinsicCandidate
2576     public native byte    getByteVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2577 

2610     /** Volatile version of {@link #putFloat(Object, long, float)}  */
2611     @IntrinsicCandidate
2612     public native void    putFloatVolatile(Object o, long offset, float x);
2613 
2614     /** Volatile version of {@link #getDouble(Object, long)}  */
2615     @IntrinsicCandidate
2616     public native double  getDoubleVolatile(Object o, long offset);
2617 
2618     /** Volatile version of {@link #putDouble(Object, long, double)}  */
2619     @IntrinsicCandidate
2620     public native void    putDoubleVolatile(Object o, long offset, double x);
2621 
2622 
2623 
2624     /** Acquire version of {@link #getReferenceVolatile(Object, long)} */
2625     @IntrinsicCandidate
2626     public final Object getReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2627         return getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
2628     }
2629 
2630     @ForceInline
2631     public final <V> Object getFlatValueAcquire(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType) {
2632         // we translate using fences (see: https://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/j9mm.html)
2633         Object res = getFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType);
2634         loadFence();
2635         return res;
2636     }
2637 
2638     /** Acquire version of {@link #getBooleanVolatile(Object, long)} */
2639     @IntrinsicCandidate
2640     public final boolean getBooleanAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2641         return getBooleanVolatile(o, offset);
2642     }
2643 
2644     /** Acquire version of {@link #getByteVolatile(Object, long)} */
2645     @IntrinsicCandidate
2646     public final byte getByteAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2647         return getByteVolatile(o, offset);
2648     }
2649 
2650     /** Acquire version of {@link #getShortVolatile(Object, long)} */
2651     @IntrinsicCandidate
2652     public final short getShortAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2653         return getShortVolatile(o, offset);
2654     }
2655 
2656     /** Acquire version of {@link #getCharVolatile(Object, long)} */
2657     @IntrinsicCandidate

2682     public final double getDoubleAcquire(Object o, long offset) {
2683         return getDoubleVolatile(o, offset);
2684     }
2685 
2686     /*
2687      * Versions of {@link #putReferenceVolatile(Object, long, Object)}
2688      * that do not guarantee immediate visibility of the store to
2689      * other threads. This method is generally only useful if the
2690      * underlying field is a Java volatile (or if an array cell, one
2691      * that is otherwise only accessed using volatile accesses).
2692      *
2693      * Corresponds to C11 atomic_store_explicit(..., memory_order_release).
2694      */
2695 
2696     /** Release version of {@link #putReferenceVolatile(Object, long, Object)} */
2697     @IntrinsicCandidate
2698     public final void putReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset, Object x) {
2699         putReferenceVolatile(o, offset, x);
2700     }
2701 
2702     @ForceInline
2703     public final <V> void putFlatValueRelease(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType, V x) {
2704         // we translate using fences (see: https://gee.cs.oswego.edu/dl/html/j9mm.html)
2705         storeFence();
2706         putFlatValue(o, offset, layout, valueType, x);
2707     }
2708 
2709     /** Release version of {@link #putBooleanVolatile(Object, long, boolean)} */
2710     @IntrinsicCandidate
2711     public final void putBooleanRelease(Object o, long offset, boolean x) {
2712         putBooleanVolatile(o, offset, x);
2713     }
2714 
2715     /** Release version of {@link #putByteVolatile(Object, long, byte)} */
2716     @IntrinsicCandidate
2717     public final void putByteRelease(Object o, long offset, byte x) {
2718         putByteVolatile(o, offset, x);
2719     }
2720 
2721     /** Release version of {@link #putShortVolatile(Object, long, short)} */
2722     @IntrinsicCandidate
2723     public final void putShortRelease(Object o, long offset, short x) {
2724         putShortVolatile(o, offset, x);
2725     }
2726 
2727     /** Release version of {@link #putCharVolatile(Object, long, char)} */
2728     @IntrinsicCandidate

2745     /** Release version of {@link #putLongVolatile(Object, long, long)} */
2746     @IntrinsicCandidate
2747     public final void putLongRelease(Object o, long offset, long x) {
2748         putLongVolatile(o, offset, x);
2749     }
2750 
2751     /** Release version of {@link #putDoubleVolatile(Object, long, double)} */
2752     @IntrinsicCandidate
2753     public final void putDoubleRelease(Object o, long offset, double x) {
2754         putDoubleVolatile(o, offset, x);
2755     }
2756 
2757     // ------------------------------ Opaque --------------------------------------
2758 
2759     /** Opaque version of {@link #getReferenceVolatile(Object, long)} */
2760     @IntrinsicCandidate
2761     public final Object getReferenceOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2762         return getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
2763     }
2764 
2765     @ForceInline
2766     public final <V> Object getFlatValueOpaque(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType) {
2767         // this is stronger than opaque semantics
2768         return getFlatValueAcquire(o, offset, layout, valueType);
2769     }
2770 
2771     /** Opaque version of {@link #getBooleanVolatile(Object, long)} */
2772     @IntrinsicCandidate
2773     public final boolean getBooleanOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2774         return getBooleanVolatile(o, offset);
2775     }
2776 
2777     /** Opaque version of {@link #getByteVolatile(Object, long)} */
2778     @IntrinsicCandidate
2779     public final byte getByteOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2780         return getByteVolatile(o, offset);
2781     }
2782 
2783     /** Opaque version of {@link #getShortVolatile(Object, long)} */
2784     @IntrinsicCandidate
2785     public final short getShortOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2786         return getShortVolatile(o, offset);
2787     }
2788 
2789     /** Opaque version of {@link #getCharVolatile(Object, long)} */
2790     @IntrinsicCandidate

2805     }
2806 
2807     /** Opaque version of {@link #getLongVolatile(Object, long)} */
2808     @IntrinsicCandidate
2809     public final long getLongOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2810         return getLongVolatile(o, offset);
2811     }
2812 
2813     /** Opaque version of {@link #getDoubleVolatile(Object, long)} */
2814     @IntrinsicCandidate
2815     public final double getDoubleOpaque(Object o, long offset) {
2816         return getDoubleVolatile(o, offset);
2817     }
2818 
2819     /** Opaque version of {@link #putReferenceVolatile(Object, long, Object)} */
2820     @IntrinsicCandidate
2821     public final void putReferenceOpaque(Object o, long offset, Object x) {
2822         putReferenceVolatile(o, offset, x);
2823     }
2824 
2825     @ForceInline
2826     public final <V> void putFlatValueOpaque(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType, V x) {
2827         // this is stronger than opaque semantics
2828         putFlatValueRelease(o, offset, layout, valueType, x);
2829     }
2830 
2831     /** Opaque version of {@link #putBooleanVolatile(Object, long, boolean)} */
2832     @IntrinsicCandidate
2833     public final void putBooleanOpaque(Object o, long offset, boolean x) {
2834         putBooleanVolatile(o, offset, x);
2835     }
2836 
2837     /** Opaque version of {@link #putByteVolatile(Object, long, byte)} */
2838     @IntrinsicCandidate
2839     public final void putByteOpaque(Object o, long offset, byte x) {
2840         putByteVolatile(o, offset, x);
2841     }
2842 
2843     /** Opaque version of {@link #putShortVolatile(Object, long, short)} */
2844     @IntrinsicCandidate
2845     public final void putShortOpaque(Object o, long offset, short x) {
2846         putShortVolatile(o, offset, x);
2847     }
2848 
2849     /** Opaque version of {@link #putCharVolatile(Object, long, char)} */
2850     @IntrinsicCandidate

2859     }
2860 
2861     /** Opaque version of {@link #putFloatVolatile(Object, long, float)} */
2862     @IntrinsicCandidate
2863     public final void putFloatOpaque(Object o, long offset, float x) {
2864         putFloatVolatile(o, offset, x);
2865     }
2866 
2867     /** Opaque version of {@link #putLongVolatile(Object, long, long)} */
2868     @IntrinsicCandidate
2869     public final void putLongOpaque(Object o, long offset, long x) {
2870         putLongVolatile(o, offset, x);
2871     }
2872 
2873     /** Opaque version of {@link #putDoubleVolatile(Object, long, double)} */
2874     @IntrinsicCandidate
2875     public final void putDoubleOpaque(Object o, long offset, double x) {
2876         putDoubleVolatile(o, offset, x);
2877     }
2878 
2879     @ForceInline
2880     private boolean compareAndSetFlatValueAsBytes(Object o, long offset, int layout, Class<?> valueType, Object expected, Object x) {
2881         // We turn the payload of an atomic value into a numeric value (of suitable type)
2882         // by storing the value into an array element (of matching layout) and by reading
2883         // back the array element as an integral value. After which we can implement the CAS
2884         // as a plain numeric CAS. Note: this only works if the payload contains no oops
2885         // (see VarHandles::isAtomicFlat).
2886         Object[] expectedArray = newSpecialArray(valueType, 1, layout);
2887         Object xArray = newSpecialArray(valueType, 1, layout);
2888         long base = arrayInstanceBaseOffset(expectedArray);
2889         int scale = arrayInstanceIndexScale(expectedArray);
2890         putFlatValue(expectedArray, base, layout, valueType, expected);
2891         putFlatValue(xArray, base, layout, valueType, x);
2892         switch (scale) {
2893             case 1: {
2894                 byte expectedByte = getByte(expectedArray, base);
2895                 byte xByte = getByte(xArray, base);
2896                 return compareAndSetByte(o, offset, expectedByte, xByte);
2897             }
2898             case 2: {
2899                 short expectedShort = getShort(expectedArray, base);
2900                 short xShort = getShort(xArray, base);
2901                 return compareAndSetShort(o, offset, expectedShort, xShort);
2902             }
2903             case 4: {
2904                 int expectedInt = getInt(expectedArray, base);
2905                 int xInt = getInt(xArray, base);
2906                 return compareAndSetInt(o, offset, expectedInt, xInt);
2907             }
2908             case 8: {
2909                 long expectedLong = getLong(expectedArray, base);
2910                 long xLong = getLong(xArray, base);
2911                 return compareAndSetLong(o, offset, expectedLong, xLong);
2912             }
2913             default: {
2914                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
2915             }
2916         }
2917     }
2918 
2919     /**
2920      * Unblocks the given thread blocked on {@code park}, or, if it is
2921      * not blocked, causes the subsequent call to {@code park} not to
2922      * block.  Note: this operation is "unsafe" solely because the
2923      * caller must somehow ensure that the thread has not been
2924      * destroyed. Nothing special is usually required to ensure this
2925      * when called from Java (in which there will ordinarily be a live
2926      * reference to the thread) but this is not nearly-automatically
2927      * so when calling from native code.
2928      *
2929      * @param thread the thread to unpark.
2930      */
2931     @IntrinsicCandidate
2932     public native void unpark(Object thread);
2933 
2934     /**
2935      * Blocks current thread, returning when a balancing
2936      * {@code unpark} occurs, or a balancing {@code unpark} has
2937      * already occurred, or the thread is interrupted, or, if not
2938      * absolute and time is not zero, the given time nanoseconds have

3285     /**
3286      * Atomically exchanges the given reference value with the current
3287      * reference value of a field or array element within the given
3288      * object {@code o} at the given {@code offset}.
3289      *
3290      * @param o object/array to update the field/element in
3291      * @param offset field/element offset
3292      * @param newValue new value
3293      * @return the previous value
3294      * @since 1.8
3295      */
3296     @IntrinsicCandidate
3297     public final Object getAndSetReference(Object o, long offset, Object newValue) {
3298         Object v;
3299         do {
3300             v = getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
3301         } while (!weakCompareAndSetReference(o, offset, v, newValue));
3302         return v;
3303     }
3304 
3305     @ForceInline
3306     public final Object getAndSetReference(Object o, long offset, Class<?> valueType, Object newValue) {
3307         Object v;
3308         do {
3309             v = getReferenceVolatile(o, offset);
3310         } while (!compareAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, v, newValue));
3311         return v;
3312     }
3313 
3314     @ForceInline
3315     public Object getAndSetFlatValue(Object o, long offset, int layoutKind, Class<?> valueType, Object newValue) {
3316         Object v;
3317         do {
3318             v = getFlatValueVolatile(o, offset, layoutKind, valueType);
3319         } while (!compareAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layoutKind, valueType, v, newValue));
3320         return v;
3321     }
3322 
3323     @ForceInline
3324     public final Object getAndSetReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset, Object newValue) {
3325         Object v;
3326         do {
3327             v = getReference(o, offset);
3328         } while (!weakCompareAndSetReferenceRelease(o, offset, v, newValue));
3329         return v;
3330     }
3331 
3332     @ForceInline
3333     public final Object getAndSetReferenceRelease(Object o, long offset, Class<?> valueType, Object newValue) {
3334         return getAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, newValue);
3335     }
3336 
3337     @ForceInline
3338     public Object getAndSetFlatValueRelease(Object o, long offset, int layoutKind, Class<?> valueType, Object x) {
3339         return getAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layoutKind, valueType, x);
3340     }
3341 
3342     @ForceInline
3343     public final Object getAndSetReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset, Object newValue) {
3344         Object v;
3345         do {
3346             v = getReferenceAcquire(o, offset);
3347         } while (!weakCompareAndSetReferenceAcquire(o, offset, v, newValue));
3348         return v;
3349     }
3350 
3351     @ForceInline
3352     public final Object getAndSetReferenceAcquire(Object o, long offset, Class<?> valueType, Object newValue) {
3353         return getAndSetReference(o, offset, valueType, newValue);
3354     }
3355 
3356     @ForceInline
3357     public Object getAndSetFlatValueAcquire(Object o, long offset, int layoutKind, Class<?> valueType, Object x) {
3358         return getAndSetFlatValue(o, offset, layoutKind, valueType, x);
3359     }
3360 
3361     @IntrinsicCandidate
3362     public final byte getAndSetByte(Object o, long offset, byte newValue) {
3363         byte v;
3364         do {
3365             v = getByteVolatile(o, offset);
3366         } while (!weakCompareAndSetByte(o, offset, v, newValue));
3367         return v;
3368     }
3369 
3370     @ForceInline
3371     public final byte getAndSetByteRelease(Object o, long offset, byte newValue) {
3372         byte v;
3373         do {
3374             v = getByte(o, offset);
3375         } while (!weakCompareAndSetByteRelease(o, offset, v, newValue));
3376         return v;
3377     }
3378 
3379     @ForceInline
3380     public final byte getAndSetByteAcquire(Object o, long offset, byte newValue) {

4396     private static short convEndian(boolean big, short n) { return big == BIG_ENDIAN ? n : Short.reverseBytes(n)    ; }
4397     private static int convEndian(boolean big, int n)     { return big == BIG_ENDIAN ? n : Integer.reverseBytes(n)  ; }
4398     private static long convEndian(boolean big, long n)   { return big == BIG_ENDIAN ? n : Long.reverseBytes(n)     ; }
4399 
4400 
4401 
4402     private native long allocateMemory0(long bytes);
4403     private native long reallocateMemory0(long address, long bytes);
4404     private native void freeMemory0(long address);
4405     @IntrinsicCandidate
4406     private native void setMemory0(Object o, long offset, long bytes, byte value);
4407     @IntrinsicCandidate
4408     private native void copyMemory0(Object srcBase, long srcOffset, Object destBase, long destOffset, long bytes);
4409     private native void copySwapMemory0(Object srcBase, long srcOffset, Object destBase, long destOffset, long bytes, long elemSize);
4410     private native long objectFieldOffset0(Field f); // throws IAE
4411     private native long knownObjectFieldOffset0(Class<?> c, String name); // error code: -1 not found, -2 static
4412     private native long staticFieldOffset0(Field f); // throws IAE
4413     private native Object staticFieldBase0(Field f); // throws IAE
4414     private native boolean shouldBeInitialized0(Class<?> c);
4415     private native void ensureClassInitialized0(Class<?> c);
4416     private native void notifyStrictStaticAccess0(Class<?> c, long staticFieldOffset, boolean writing);
4417     private native int arrayBaseOffset0(Class<?> arrayClass); // public version returns long to promote correct arithmetic
4418     @IntrinsicCandidate
4419     private native int arrayInstanceBaseOffset0(Object[] array);
4420     private native int arrayIndexScale0(Class<?> arrayClass);
4421     @IntrinsicCandidate
4422     private native int arrayInstanceIndexScale0(Object[] array);
4423     private native long getObjectSize0(Object o);
4424     private native int getLoadAverage0(double[] loadavg, int nelems);
4425     private native int[] getFieldMap0(Class <?> c);
4426 
4427 
4428     /**
4429      * Invokes the given direct byte buffer's cleaner, if any.
4430      *
4431      * @param directBuffer a direct byte buffer
4432      * @throws NullPointerException     if {@code directBuffer} is null
4433      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code directBuffer} is non-direct,
4434      *                                  or is a {@link java.nio.Buffer#slice slice}, or is a
4435      *                                  {@link java.nio.Buffer#duplicate duplicate}
4436      */
4437     public void invokeCleaner(java.nio.ByteBuffer directBuffer) {
4438         if (!directBuffer.isDirect())
4439             throw new IllegalArgumentException("buffer is non-direct");
4440 
4441         DirectBuffer db = (DirectBuffer) directBuffer;
4442         if (db.attachment() != null)
4443             throw new IllegalArgumentException("duplicate or slice");
4444 
4445         Cleaner cleaner = db.cleaner();
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