1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1999, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package com.sun.tools.javac.comp;
  27 
  28 import java.util.*;
  29 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  30 
  31 import com.sun.source.tree.LambdaExpressionTree.BodyKind;
  32 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.*;
  33 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Kinds.KindSelector;
  34 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Scope.WriteableScope;
  35 import com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.*;
  36 import com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.PoolConstant.LoadableConstant;
  37 import com.sun.tools.javac.main.Option.PkgInfo;
  38 import com.sun.tools.javac.resources.CompilerProperties.Fragments;
  39 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.*;
  40 import com.sun.tools.javac.util.*;
  41 import com.sun.tools.javac.util.JCDiagnostic.DiagnosticPosition;
  42 import com.sun.tools.javac.util.List;
  43 
  44 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol.*;
  45 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Symbol.OperatorSymbol.AccessCode;
  46 import com.sun.tools.javac.resources.CompilerProperties.Errors;
  47 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.*;
  48 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Type.*;
  49 
  50 import com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.Target;
  51 
  52 import static com.sun.tools.javac.code.Flags.*;
  53 import static com.sun.tools.javac.code.Flags.BLOCK;
  54 import static com.sun.tools.javac.code.Scope.LookupKind.NON_RECURSIVE;
  55 import static com.sun.tools.javac.code.TypeTag.*;
  56 import static com.sun.tools.javac.code.Kinds.Kind.*;
  57 import com.sun.tools.javac.code.Source.Feature;
  58 import static com.sun.tools.javac.jvm.ByteCodes.*;
  59 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCBreak;
  60 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCCase;
  61 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCExpression;
  62 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCExpressionStatement;
  63 
  64 import static com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCOperatorExpression.OperandPos.LEFT;
  65 import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCSwitchExpression;
  66 
  67 import static com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.Tag.*;
  68 
  69 /** This pass translates away some syntactic sugar: inner classes,
  70  *  class literals, assertions, foreach loops, etc.
  71  *
  72  *  <p><b>This is NOT part of any supported API.
  73  *  If you write code that depends on this, you do so at your own risk.
  74  *  This code and its internal interfaces are subject to change or
  75  *  deletion without notice.</b>
  76  */
  77 public class Lower extends TreeTranslator {
  78     protected static final Context.Key<Lower> lowerKey = new Context.Key<>();
  79 
  80     public static Lower instance(Context context) {
  81         Lower instance = context.get(lowerKey);
  82         if (instance == null)
  83             instance = new Lower(context);
  84         return instance;
  85     }
  86 
  87     private final Names names;
  88     private final Log log;
  89     private final Symtab syms;
  90     private final Resolve rs;
  91     private final Operators operators;
  92     private final Check chk;
  93     private final Attr attr;
  94     private TreeMaker make;
  95     private DiagnosticPosition make_pos;
  96     private final ConstFold cfolder;
  97     private final Target target;
  98     private final TypeEnvs typeEnvs;
  99     private final Name dollarAssertionsDisabled;
 100     private final Types types;
 101     private final TransTypes transTypes;
 102     private final boolean debugLower;
 103     private final boolean disableProtectedAccessors; // experimental
 104     private final PkgInfo pkginfoOpt;
 105     private final boolean optimizeOuterThis;
 106     private final boolean nullCheckOuterThis;
 107     private final boolean useMatchException;
 108     private final HashMap<TypePairs, String> typePairToName;
 109     private int variableIndex = 0;
 110 
 111     @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
 112     protected Lower(Context context) {
 113         context.put(lowerKey, this);
 114         names = Names.instance(context);
 115         log = Log.instance(context);
 116         syms = Symtab.instance(context);
 117         rs = Resolve.instance(context);
 118         operators = Operators.instance(context);
 119         chk = Check.instance(context);
 120         attr = Attr.instance(context);
 121         make = TreeMaker.instance(context);
 122         cfolder = ConstFold.instance(context);
 123         target = Target.instance(context);
 124         typeEnvs = TypeEnvs.instance(context);
 125         dollarAssertionsDisabled = names.
 126             fromString(target.syntheticNameChar() + "assertionsDisabled");
 127 
 128         types = Types.instance(context);
 129         transTypes = TransTypes.instance(context);
 130         Options options = Options.instance(context);
 131         debugLower = options.isSet("debuglower");
 132         pkginfoOpt = PkgInfo.get(options);
 133         optimizeOuterThis =
 134             target.optimizeOuterThis() ||
 135             options.getBoolean("optimizeOuterThis", false);
 136         nullCheckOuterThis = options.getBoolean("nullCheckOuterThis",
 137             target.nullCheckOuterThisByDefault());
 138         disableProtectedAccessors = options.isSet("disableProtectedAccessors");
 139         Source source = Source.instance(context);
 140         Preview preview = Preview.instance(context);
 141         useMatchException = Feature.PATTERN_SWITCH.allowedInSource(source) &&
 142                             (preview.isEnabled() || !preview.isPreview(Feature.PATTERN_SWITCH));
 143         typePairToName = TypePairs.initialize(syms);
 144     }
 145 
 146     /** The currently enclosing class.
 147      */
 148     ClassSymbol currentClass;
 149 
 150     /** A queue of all translated classes.
 151      */
 152     ListBuffer<JCTree> translated;
 153 
 154     /** Environment for symbol lookup, set by translateTopLevelClass.
 155      */
 156     Env<AttrContext> attrEnv;
 157 
 158 /* ************************************************************************
 159  * Global mappings
 160  *************************************************************************/
 161 
 162     /** A hash table mapping local classes to their definitions.
 163      */
 164     Map<ClassSymbol, JCClassDecl> classdefs;
 165 
 166     /** A hash table mapping local classes to a list of pruned trees.
 167      */
 168     public Map<ClassSymbol, List<JCTree>> prunedTree = new WeakHashMap<>();
 169 
 170     /** A hash table mapping virtual accessed symbols in outer subclasses
 171      *  to the actually referred symbol in superclasses.
 172      */
 173     Map<Symbol,Symbol> actualSymbols;
 174 
 175     /**
 176      * The current expected return type.
 177      */
 178     Type currentRestype;
 179 
 180     /** The current method definition.
 181      */
 182     JCMethodDecl currentMethodDef;
 183 
 184     /** The current method symbol.
 185      */
 186     MethodSymbol currentMethodSym;
 187 
 188     /** The currently enclosing outermost class definition.
 189      */
 190     JCClassDecl outermostClassDef;
 191 
 192     /** The currently enclosing outermost member definition.
 193      */
 194     JCTree outermostMemberDef;
 195 
 196     /** A navigator class for assembling a mapping from local class symbols
 197      *  to class definition trees.
 198      *  There is only one case; all other cases simply traverse down the tree.
 199      */
 200     class ClassMap extends TreeScanner {
 201 
 202         /** All encountered class defs are entered into classdefs table.
 203          */
 204         public void visitClassDef(JCClassDecl tree) {
 205             classdefs.put(tree.sym, tree);
 206             super.visitClassDef(tree);
 207         }
 208     }
 209     ClassMap classMap = new ClassMap();
 210 
 211     /** Map a class symbol to its definition.
 212      *  @param c    The class symbol of which we want to determine the definition.
 213      */
 214     JCClassDecl classDef(ClassSymbol c) {
 215         // First lookup the class in the classdefs table.
 216         JCClassDecl def = classdefs.get(c);
 217         if (def == null && outermostMemberDef != null) {
 218             // If this fails, traverse outermost member definition, entering all
 219             // local classes into classdefs, and try again.
 220             classMap.scan(outermostMemberDef);
 221             def = classdefs.get(c);
 222         }
 223         if (def == null) {
 224             // If this fails, traverse outermost class definition, entering all
 225             // local classes into classdefs, and try again.
 226             classMap.scan(outermostClassDef);
 227             def = classdefs.get(c);
 228         }
 229         return def;
 230     }
 231 
 232     /**
 233      * Get the enum constants for the given enum class symbol, if known.
 234      * They will only be found if they are defined within the same top-level
 235      * class as the class being compiled, so it's safe to assume that they
 236      * can't change at runtime due to a recompilation.
 237      */
 238     List<Name> enumNamesFor(ClassSymbol c) {
 239 
 240         // Find the class definition and verify it is an enum class
 241         final JCClassDecl classDef = classDef(c);
 242         if (classDef == null ||
 243             (classDef.mods.flags & ENUM) == 0 ||
 244             (types.supertype(currentClass.type).tsym.flags() & ENUM) != 0) {
 245             return null;
 246         }
 247 
 248         // Gather the enum identifiers
 249         ListBuffer<Name> idents = new ListBuffer<>();
 250         for (List<JCTree> defs = classDef.defs; defs.nonEmpty(); defs=defs.tail) {
 251             if (defs.head.hasTag(VARDEF) &&
 252                 (((JCVariableDecl) defs.head).mods.flags & ENUM) != 0) {
 253                 JCVariableDecl var = (JCVariableDecl)defs.head;
 254                 idents.append(var.name);
 255             }
 256         }
 257         return idents.toList();
 258     }
 259 
 260     /** A hash table mapping class symbols to lists of free variables.
 261      *  accessed by them. Only free variables of the method immediately containing
 262      *  a class are associated with that class.
 263      */
 264     Map<ClassSymbol,List<VarSymbol>> freevarCache;
 265 
 266     /** A navigator class for collecting the free variables accessed
 267      *  from a local class.
 268      */
 269     class FreeVarCollector extends CaptureScanner {
 270 
 271         FreeVarCollector(JCTree ownerTree) {
 272             super(ownerTree);
 273         }
 274 
 275         void addFreeVars(ClassSymbol c) {
 276             List<VarSymbol> fvs = freevarCache.get(c);
 277             if (fvs != null) {
 278                 for (List<VarSymbol> l = fvs; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail) {
 279                     addFreeVar(l.head);
 280                 }
 281             }
 282         }
 283 
 284         /** If tree refers to a class instance creation expression
 285          *  add all free variables of the freshly created class.
 286          */
 287         public void visitNewClass(JCNewClass tree) {
 288             ClassSymbol c = (ClassSymbol)tree.constructor.owner;
 289             addFreeVars(c);
 290             super.visitNewClass(tree);
 291         }
 292 
 293         /** If tree refers to a superclass constructor call,
 294          *  add all free variables of the superclass.
 295          */
 296         public void visitApply(JCMethodInvocation tree) {
 297             if (TreeInfo.name(tree.meth) == names._super) {
 298                 addFreeVars((ClassSymbol) TreeInfo.symbol(tree.meth).owner);
 299             }
 300             super.visitApply(tree);
 301         }
 302     }
 303 
 304     /** Return the variables accessed from within a local class, which
 305      *  are declared in the local class' owner.
 306      *  (in reverse order of first access).
 307      */
 308     List<VarSymbol> freevars(ClassSymbol c)  {
 309         List<VarSymbol> fvs = freevarCache.get(c);
 310         if (fvs != null) {
 311             return fvs;
 312         }
 313         FreeVarCollector collector = new FreeVarCollector(classDef(c));
 314         fvs = collector.analyzeCaptures().reverse();
 315         freevarCache.put(c, fvs);
 316         return fvs;
 317     }
 318 
 319     Map<TypeSymbol,EnumMapping> enumSwitchMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 320 
 321     EnumMapping mapForEnum(DiagnosticPosition pos, TypeSymbol enumClass) {
 322 
 323         // If enum class is part of this compilation, just switch on ordinal value
 324         if (enumClass.kind == TYP) {
 325             final List<Name> idents = enumNamesFor((ClassSymbol)enumClass);
 326             if (idents != null)
 327                 return new CompileTimeEnumMapping(idents);
 328         }
 329 
 330         // Map identifiers to ordinal values at runtime, and then switch on that
 331         return enumSwitchMap.computeIfAbsent(enumClass, ec -> new RuntimeEnumMapping(pos, ec));
 332     }
 333 
 334     /** Generates a test value and corresponding cases for a switch on an enum type.
 335      */
 336     interface EnumMapping {
 337 
 338         /** Given an expression for the enum value's ordinal, generate an expression for the switch statement.
 339          */
 340         JCExpression switchValue(JCExpression ordinalExpr);
 341 
 342         /** Generate the switch statement case value corresponding to the given enum value.
 343          */
 344         JCLiteral caseValue(VarSymbol v);
 345 
 346         default void translate() {
 347         }
 348     }
 349 
 350     /** EnumMapping using compile-time constants. Only valid when compiling the enum class itself,
 351      *  because otherwise the ordinals we use could become obsolete if/when the enum class is recompiled.
 352      */
 353     class CompileTimeEnumMapping implements EnumMapping {
 354 
 355         final List<Name> enumNames;
 356 
 357         CompileTimeEnumMapping(List<Name> enumNames) {
 358             Assert.check(enumNames != null);
 359             this.enumNames = enumNames;
 360         }
 361 
 362         @Override
 363         public JCExpression switchValue(JCExpression ordinalExpr) {
 364             return ordinalExpr;
 365         }
 366 
 367         @Override
 368         public JCLiteral caseValue(VarSymbol v) {
 369             final int ordinal = enumNames.indexOf(v.name);
 370             Assert.check(ordinal != -1);
 371             return make.Literal(ordinal);
 372         }
 373     }
 374 
 375     /** EnumMapping using run-time ordinal lookup.
 376      *
 377      *  This builds a translation table to be used for enum switches.
 378      *
 379      *  <p>For each enum that appears as the type of a switch
 380      *  expression, we maintain an EnumMapping to assist in the
 381      *  translation, as exemplified by the following example:
 382      *
 383      *  <p>we translate
 384      *  <pre>
 385      *          switch(colorExpression) {
 386      *          case red: stmt1;
 387      *          case green: stmt2;
 388      *          }
 389      *  </pre>
 390      *  into
 391      *  <pre>
 392      *          switch(Outer$0.$EnumMap$Color[colorExpression.ordinal()]) {
 393      *          case 1: stmt1;
 394      *          case 2: stmt2
 395      *          }
 396      *  </pre>
 397      *  with the auxiliary table initialized as follows:
 398      *  <pre>
 399      *          class Outer$0 {
 400      *              synthetic final int[] $EnumMap$Color = new int[Color.values().length];
 401      *              static {
 402      *                  try { $EnumMap$Color[red.ordinal()] = 1; } catch (NoSuchFieldError ex) {}
 403      *                  try { $EnumMap$Color[green.ordinal()] = 2; } catch (NoSuchFieldError ex) {}
 404      *              }
 405      *          }
 406      *  </pre>
 407      *  class EnumMapping provides mapping data and support methods for this translation.
 408      */
 409     class RuntimeEnumMapping implements EnumMapping {
 410         RuntimeEnumMapping(DiagnosticPosition pos, TypeSymbol forEnum) {
 411             this.forEnum = forEnum;
 412             this.values = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 413             this.pos = pos;
 414             Name varName = names
 415                 .fromString(target.syntheticNameChar() +
 416                             "SwitchMap" +
 417                             target.syntheticNameChar() +
 418                             ClassWriter.externalize(forEnum.type.tsym.flatName().toString())
 419                             .replace('/', '.')
 420                             .replace('.', target.syntheticNameChar()));
 421             ClassSymbol outerCacheClass = outerCacheClass();
 422             this.mapVar = new VarSymbol(STATIC | SYNTHETIC | FINAL,
 423                                         varName,
 424                                         new ArrayType(syms.intType, syms.arrayClass),
 425                                         outerCacheClass);
 426             enterSynthetic(pos, mapVar, outerCacheClass.members());
 427         }
 428 
 429         DiagnosticPosition pos = null;
 430 
 431         // the next value to use
 432         int next = 1; // 0 (unused map elements) go to the default label
 433 
 434         // the enum for which this is a map
 435         final TypeSymbol forEnum;
 436 
 437         // the field containing the map
 438         final VarSymbol mapVar;
 439 
 440         // the mapped values
 441         final Map<VarSymbol,Integer> values;
 442 
 443         @Override
 444         public JCExpression switchValue(JCExpression ordinalExpr) {
 445             return make.Indexed(mapVar, ordinalExpr);
 446         }
 447 
 448         @Override
 449         public JCLiteral caseValue(VarSymbol v) {
 450             Integer result = values.get(v);
 451             if (result == null)
 452                 values.put(v, result = next++);
 453             return make.Literal(result);
 454         }
 455 
 456         // generate the field initializer for the map
 457         @Override
 458         public void translate() {
 459             boolean prevAllowProtectedAccess = attrEnv.info.allowProtectedAccess;
 460             try {
 461                 make.at(pos.getStartPosition());
 462                 attrEnv.info.allowProtectedAccess = true;
 463                 JCClassDecl owner = classDef((ClassSymbol)mapVar.owner);
 464 
 465                 // synthetic static final int[] $SwitchMap$Color = new int[Color.values().length];
 466                 MethodSymbol valuesMethod = lookupMethod(pos,
 467                                                          names.values,
 468                                                          forEnum.type,
 469                                                          List.nil());
 470                 JCExpression size = make // Color.values().length
 471                     .Select(make.App(make.QualIdent(valuesMethod)),
 472                             syms.lengthVar);
 473                 JCExpression mapVarInit = make
 474                     .NewArray(make.Type(syms.intType), List.of(size), null)
 475                     .setType(new ArrayType(syms.intType, syms.arrayClass));
 476 
 477                 // try { $SwitchMap$Color[red.ordinal()] = 1; } catch (java.lang.NoSuchFieldError ex) {}
 478                 ListBuffer<JCStatement> stmts = new ListBuffer<>();
 479                 Symbol ordinalMethod = lookupMethod(pos,
 480                                                     names.ordinal,
 481                                                     forEnum.type,
 482                                                     List.nil());
 483                 List<JCCatch> catcher = List.<JCCatch>nil()
 484                     .prepend(make.Catch(make.VarDef(new VarSymbol(PARAMETER, names.ex,
 485                                                                   syms.noSuchFieldErrorType,
 486                                                                   syms.noSymbol),
 487                                                     null),
 488                                         make.Block(0, List.nil())));
 489                 for (Map.Entry<VarSymbol,Integer> e : values.entrySet()) {
 490                     VarSymbol enumerator = e.getKey();
 491                     Integer mappedValue = e.getValue();
 492                     JCExpression assign = make
 493                         .Assign(make.Indexed(mapVar,
 494                                              make.App(make.Select(make.QualIdent(enumerator),
 495                                                                   ordinalMethod))),
 496                                 make.Literal(mappedValue))
 497                         .setType(syms.intType);
 498                     JCStatement exec = make.Exec(assign);
 499                     JCStatement _try = make.Try(make.Block(0, List.of(exec)), catcher, null);
 500                     stmts.append(_try);
 501                 }
 502 
 503                 owner.defs = owner.defs
 504                     .prepend(make.Block(STATIC, stmts.toList()))
 505                     .prepend(make.VarDef(mapVar, mapVarInit));
 506             } finally {
 507                 attrEnv.info.allowProtectedAccess = prevAllowProtectedAccess;
 508             }
 509         }
 510     }
 511 
 512 
 513 /* ************************************************************************
 514  * Tree building blocks
 515  *************************************************************************/
 516 
 517     /** Equivalent to make.at(pos.getStartPosition()) with side effect of caching
 518      *  pos as make_pos, for use in diagnostics.
 519      **/
 520     TreeMaker make_at(DiagnosticPosition pos) {
 521         make_pos = pos;
 522         return make.at(pos);
 523     }
 524 
 525     /** Make an attributed tree representing a literal. This will be an
 526      *  Ident node in the case of boolean literals, a Literal node in all
 527      *  other cases.
 528      *  @param type       The literal's type.
 529      *  @param value      The literal's value.
 530      */
 531     JCExpression makeLit(Type type, Object value) {
 532         return make.Literal(type.getTag(), value).setType(type.constType(value));
 533     }
 534 
 535     /** Make an attributed tree representing null.
 536      */
 537     JCExpression makeNull() {
 538         return makeLit(syms.botType, null);
 539     }
 540 
 541     /** Make an attributed class instance creation expression.
 542      *  @param ctype    The class type.
 543      *  @param args     The constructor arguments.
 544      */
 545     JCNewClass makeNewClass(Type ctype, List<JCExpression> args) {
 546         JCNewClass tree = make.NewClass(null,
 547             null, make.QualIdent(ctype.tsym), args, null);
 548         tree.constructor = rs.resolveConstructor(
 549             make_pos, attrEnv, ctype, TreeInfo.types(args), List.nil());
 550         tree.type = ctype;
 551         return tree;
 552     }
 553 
 554     /** Make an attributed unary expression.
 555      *  @param optag    The operators tree tag.
 556      *  @param arg      The operator's argument.
 557      */
 558     JCUnary makeUnary(JCTree.Tag optag, JCExpression arg) {
 559         JCUnary tree = make.Unary(optag, arg);
 560         tree.operator = operators.resolveUnary(tree, optag, arg.type);
 561         tree.type = tree.operator.type.getReturnType();
 562         return tree;
 563     }
 564 
 565     /** Make an attributed binary expression.
 566      *  @param optag    The operators tree tag.
 567      *  @param lhs      The operator's left argument.
 568      *  @param rhs      The operator's right argument.
 569      */
 570     JCBinary makeBinary(JCTree.Tag optag, JCExpression lhs, JCExpression rhs) {
 571         JCBinary tree = make.Binary(optag, lhs, rhs);
 572         tree.operator = operators.resolveBinary(tree, optag, lhs.type, rhs.type);
 573         tree.type = tree.operator.type.getReturnType();
 574         return tree;
 575     }
 576 
 577     /** Make an attributed assignop expression.
 578      *  @param optag    The operators tree tag.
 579      *  @param lhs      The operator's left argument.
 580      *  @param rhs      The operator's right argument.
 581      */
 582     JCAssignOp makeAssignop(JCTree.Tag optag, JCTree lhs, JCTree rhs) {
 583         JCAssignOp tree = make.Assignop(optag, lhs, rhs);
 584         tree.operator = operators.resolveBinary(tree, tree.getTag().noAssignOp(), lhs.type, rhs.type);
 585         tree.type = lhs.type;
 586         return tree;
 587     }
 588 
 589     /** Convert tree into string object, unless it has already a
 590      *  reference type..
 591      */
 592     JCExpression makeString(JCExpression tree) {
 593         if (!tree.type.isPrimitiveOrVoid()) {
 594             return tree;
 595         } else {
 596             Symbol valueOfSym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
 597                                              names.valueOf,
 598                                              syms.stringType,
 599                                              List.of(tree.type));
 600             return make.App(make.QualIdent(valueOfSym), List.of(tree));
 601         }
 602     }
 603 
 604     /** Create an empty anonymous class definition and enter and complete
 605      *  its symbol. Return the class definition's symbol.
 606      *  and create
 607      *  @param flags    The class symbol's flags
 608      *  @param owner    The class symbol's owner
 609      */
 610     JCClassDecl makeEmptyClass(long flags, ClassSymbol owner) {
 611         return makeEmptyClass(flags, owner, null, true);
 612     }
 613 
 614     JCClassDecl makeEmptyClass(long flags, ClassSymbol owner, Name flatname,
 615             boolean addToDefs) {
 616         // Create class symbol.
 617         ClassSymbol c = syms.defineClass(names.empty, owner);
 618         if (flatname != null) {
 619             c.flatname = flatname;
 620         } else {
 621             c.flatname = chk.localClassName(c);
 622         }
 623         c.sourcefile = owner.sourcefile;
 624         c.completer = Completer.NULL_COMPLETER;
 625         c.members_field = WriteableScope.create(c);
 626         c.flags_field = flags;
 627         ClassType ctype = (ClassType) c.type;
 628         ctype.supertype_field = syms.objectType;
 629         ctype.interfaces_field = List.nil();
 630 
 631         JCClassDecl odef = classDef(owner);
 632 
 633         // Enter class symbol in owner scope and compiled table.
 634         enterSynthetic(odef.pos(), c, owner.members());
 635         chk.putCompiled(c);
 636 
 637         // Create class definition tree.
 638         JCClassDecl cdef = make.ClassDef(
 639             make.Modifiers(flags), names.empty,
 640             List.nil(),
 641             null, List.nil(), List.nil());
 642         cdef.sym = c;
 643         cdef.type = c.type;
 644 
 645         // Append class definition tree to owner's definitions.
 646         if (addToDefs) odef.defs = odef.defs.prepend(cdef);
 647         return cdef;
 648     }
 649 
 650 /* ************************************************************************
 651  * Symbol manipulation utilities
 652  *************************************************************************/
 653 
 654     /** Enter a synthetic symbol in a given scope, but complain if there was already one there.
 655      *  @param pos           Position for error reporting.
 656      *  @param sym           The symbol.
 657      *  @param s             The scope.
 658      */
 659     private void enterSynthetic(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol sym, WriteableScope s) {
 660         s.enter(sym);
 661     }
 662 
 663     /** Create a fresh synthetic name within a given scope - the unique name is
 664      *  obtained by appending '$' chars at the end of the name until no match
 665      *  is found.
 666      *
 667      * @param name base name
 668      * @param s scope in which the name has to be unique
 669      * @return fresh synthetic name
 670      */
 671     private Name makeSyntheticName(Name name, Scope s) {
 672         do {
 673             name = name.append(
 674                     target.syntheticNameChar(),
 675                     names.empty);
 676         } while (lookupSynthetic(name, s) != null);
 677         return name;
 678     }
 679 
 680     /** Check whether synthetic symbols generated during lowering conflict
 681      *  with user-defined symbols.
 682      *
 683      *  @param translatedTrees lowered class trees
 684      */
 685     void checkConflicts(List<JCTree> translatedTrees) {
 686         for (JCTree t : translatedTrees) {
 687             t.accept(conflictsChecker);
 688         }
 689     }
 690 
 691     JCTree.Visitor conflictsChecker = new TreeScanner() {
 692 
 693         TypeSymbol currentClass;
 694 
 695         @Override
 696         public void visitMethodDef(JCMethodDecl that) {
 697             checkConflicts(that.pos(), that.sym, currentClass);
 698             super.visitMethodDef(that);
 699         }
 700 
 701         @Override
 702         public void visitVarDef(JCVariableDecl that) {
 703             if (that.sym.owner.kind == TYP) {
 704                 checkConflicts(that.pos(), that.sym, currentClass);
 705             }
 706             super.visitVarDef(that);
 707         }
 708 
 709         @Override
 710         public void visitClassDef(JCClassDecl that) {
 711             TypeSymbol prevCurrentClass = currentClass;
 712             currentClass = that.sym;
 713             try {
 714                 super.visitClassDef(that);
 715             }
 716             finally {
 717                 currentClass = prevCurrentClass;
 718             }
 719         }
 720 
 721         void checkConflicts(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol sym, TypeSymbol c) {
 722             for (Type ct = c.type; ct != Type.noType ; ct = types.supertype(ct)) {
 723                 for (Symbol sym2 : ct.tsym.members().getSymbolsByName(sym.name, NON_RECURSIVE)) {
 724                     // VM allows methods and variables with differing types
 725                     if (sym.kind == sym2.kind &&
 726                         types.isSameType(types.erasure(sym.type), types.erasure(sym2.type)) &&
 727                         sym != sym2 &&
 728                         (sym.flags() & Flags.SYNTHETIC) != (sym2.flags() & Flags.SYNTHETIC) &&
 729                         (sym.flags() & BRIDGE) == 0 && (sym2.flags() & BRIDGE) == 0) {
 730                         syntheticError(pos, (sym2.flags() & SYNTHETIC) == 0 ? sym2 : sym);
 731                         return;
 732                     }
 733                 }
 734             }
 735         }
 736 
 737         /** Report a conflict between a user symbol and a synthetic symbol.
 738          */
 739         private void syntheticError(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol sym) {
 740             if (!sym.type.isErroneous()) {
 741                 log.error(pos, Errors.CannotGenerateClass(sym.location(), Fragments.SyntheticNameConflict(sym, sym.location())));
 742             }
 743         }
 744     };
 745 
 746     /** Look up a synthetic name in a given scope.
 747      *  @param s            The scope.
 748      *  @param name         The name.
 749      */
 750     private Symbol lookupSynthetic(Name name, Scope s) {
 751         Symbol sym = s.findFirst(name);
 752         return (sym==null || (sym.flags()&SYNTHETIC)==0) ? null : sym;
 753     }
 754 
 755     /** Look up a method in a given scope.
 756      */
 757     private MethodSymbol lookupMethod(DiagnosticPosition pos, Name name, Type qual, List<Type> args) {
 758         return rs.resolveInternalMethod(pos, attrEnv, qual, name, args, List.nil());
 759     }
 760 
 761     /** Anon inner classes are used as access constructor tags.
 762      * accessConstructorTag will use an existing anon class if one is available,
 763      * and synthesize a class (with makeEmptyClass) if one is not available.
 764      * However, there is a small possibility that an existing class will not
 765      * be generated as expected if it is inside a conditional with a constant
 766      * expression. If that is found to be the case, create an empty class tree here.
 767      */
 768     private void checkAccessConstructorTags() {
 769         for (List<ClassSymbol> l = accessConstrTags; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail) {
 770             ClassSymbol c = l.head;
 771             if (isTranslatedClassAvailable(c))
 772                 continue;
 773             // Create class definition tree.
 774             JCClassDecl cdec = makeEmptyClass(STATIC | SYNTHETIC,
 775                     c.outermostClass(), c.flatname, false);
 776             swapAccessConstructorTag(c, cdec.sym);
 777             translated.append(cdec);
 778         }
 779     }
 780     // where
 781     private boolean isTranslatedClassAvailable(ClassSymbol c) {
 782         for (JCTree tree: translated) {
 783             if (tree.hasTag(CLASSDEF)
 784                     && ((JCClassDecl) tree).sym == c) {
 785                 return true;
 786             }
 787         }
 788         return false;
 789     }
 790 
 791     void swapAccessConstructorTag(ClassSymbol oldCTag, ClassSymbol newCTag) {
 792         for (MethodSymbol methodSymbol : accessConstrs.values()) {
 793             Assert.check(methodSymbol.type.hasTag(METHOD));
 794             MethodType oldMethodType =
 795                     (MethodType)methodSymbol.type;
 796             if (oldMethodType.argtypes.head.tsym == oldCTag)
 797                 methodSymbol.type =
 798                     types.createMethodTypeWithParameters(oldMethodType,
 799                         oldMethodType.getParameterTypes().tail
 800                             .prepend(newCTag.erasure(types)));
 801         }
 802     }
 803 
 804 /* ************************************************************************
 805  * Access methods
 806  *************************************************************************/
 807 
 808     /** A mapping from symbols to their access numbers.
 809      */
 810     private Map<Symbol,Integer> accessNums;
 811 
 812     /** A mapping from symbols to an array of access symbols, indexed by
 813      *  access code.
 814      */
 815     private Map<Symbol,MethodSymbol[]> accessSyms;
 816 
 817     /** A mapping from (constructor) symbols to access constructor symbols.
 818      */
 819     private Map<Symbol,MethodSymbol> accessConstrs;
 820 
 821     /** A list of all class symbols used for access constructor tags.
 822      */
 823     private List<ClassSymbol> accessConstrTags;
 824 
 825     /** A queue for all accessed symbols.
 826      */
 827     private ListBuffer<Symbol> accessed;
 828 
 829     /** return access code for identifier,
 830      *  @param tree     The tree representing the identifier use.
 831      *  @param enclOp   The closest enclosing operation node of tree,
 832      *                  null if tree is not a subtree of an operation.
 833      */
 834     private static int accessCode(JCTree tree, JCTree enclOp) {
 835         if (enclOp == null)
 836             return AccessCode.DEREF.code;
 837         else if (enclOp.hasTag(ASSIGN) &&
 838                  tree == TreeInfo.skipParens(((JCAssign) enclOp).lhs))
 839             return AccessCode.ASSIGN.code;
 840         else if ((enclOp.getTag().isIncOrDecUnaryOp() || enclOp.getTag().isAssignop()) &&
 841                 tree == TreeInfo.skipParens(((JCOperatorExpression) enclOp).getOperand(LEFT)))
 842             return (((JCOperatorExpression) enclOp).operator).getAccessCode(enclOp.getTag());
 843         else
 844             return AccessCode.DEREF.code;
 845     }
 846 
 847     /** Return binary operator that corresponds to given access code.
 848      */
 849     private OperatorSymbol binaryAccessOperator(int acode, Tag tag) {
 850         return operators.lookupBinaryOp(op -> op.getAccessCode(tag) == acode);
 851     }
 852 
 853     /** Return tree tag for assignment operation corresponding
 854      *  to given binary operator.
 855      */
 856     private static JCTree.Tag treeTag(OperatorSymbol operator) {
 857         switch (operator.opcode) {
 858         case ByteCodes.ior: case ByteCodes.lor:
 859             return BITOR_ASG;
 860         case ByteCodes.ixor: case ByteCodes.lxor:
 861             return BITXOR_ASG;
 862         case ByteCodes.iand: case ByteCodes.land:
 863             return BITAND_ASG;
 864         case ByteCodes.ishl: case ByteCodes.lshl:
 865         case ByteCodes.ishll: case ByteCodes.lshll:
 866             return SL_ASG;
 867         case ByteCodes.ishr: case ByteCodes.lshr:
 868         case ByteCodes.ishrl: case ByteCodes.lshrl:
 869             return SR_ASG;
 870         case ByteCodes.iushr: case ByteCodes.lushr:
 871         case ByteCodes.iushrl: case ByteCodes.lushrl:
 872             return USR_ASG;
 873         case ByteCodes.iadd: case ByteCodes.ladd:
 874         case ByteCodes.fadd: case ByteCodes.dadd:
 875         case ByteCodes.string_add:
 876             return PLUS_ASG;
 877         case ByteCodes.isub: case ByteCodes.lsub:
 878         case ByteCodes.fsub: case ByteCodes.dsub:
 879             return MINUS_ASG;
 880         case ByteCodes.imul: case ByteCodes.lmul:
 881         case ByteCodes.fmul: case ByteCodes.dmul:
 882             return MUL_ASG;
 883         case ByteCodes.idiv: case ByteCodes.ldiv:
 884         case ByteCodes.fdiv: case ByteCodes.ddiv:
 885             return DIV_ASG;
 886         case ByteCodes.imod: case ByteCodes.lmod:
 887         case ByteCodes.fmod: case ByteCodes.dmod:
 888             return MOD_ASG;
 889         default:
 890             throw new AssertionError();
 891         }
 892     }
 893 
 894     /** The name of the access method with number `anum' and access code `acode'.
 895      */
 896     Name accessName(int anum, int acode) {
 897         return names.fromString(
 898             "access" + target.syntheticNameChar() + anum + acode / 10 + acode % 10);
 899     }
 900 
 901     /** Return access symbol for a private or protected symbol from an inner class.
 902      *  @param sym        The accessed private symbol.
 903      *  @param tree       The accessing tree.
 904      *  @param enclOp     The closest enclosing operation node of tree,
 905      *                    null if tree is not a subtree of an operation.
 906      *  @param protAccess Is access to a protected symbol in another
 907      *                    package?
 908      *  @param refSuper   Is access via a (qualified) C.super?
 909      */
 910     MethodSymbol accessSymbol(Symbol sym, JCTree tree, JCTree enclOp,
 911                               boolean protAccess, boolean refSuper) {
 912         ClassSymbol accOwner = refSuper && protAccess
 913             // For access via qualified super (T.super.x), place the
 914             // access symbol on T.
 915             ? (ClassSymbol)((JCFieldAccess) tree).selected.type.tsym
 916             // Otherwise pretend that the owner of an accessed
 917             // protected symbol is the enclosing class of the current
 918             // class which is a subclass of the symbol's owner.
 919             : accessClass(sym, protAccess, tree);
 920 
 921         Symbol vsym = sym;
 922         if (sym.owner != accOwner) {
 923             vsym = sym.clone(accOwner);
 924             actualSymbols.put(vsym, sym);
 925         }
 926 
 927         Integer anum              // The access number of the access method.
 928             = accessNums.get(vsym);
 929         if (anum == null) {
 930             anum = accessed.length();
 931             accessNums.put(vsym, anum);
 932             accessSyms.put(vsym, new MethodSymbol[AccessCode.numberOfAccessCodes]);
 933             accessed.append(vsym);
 934             // System.out.println("accessing " + vsym + " in " + vsym.location());
 935         }
 936 
 937         int acode;                // The access code of the access method.
 938         List<Type> argtypes;      // The argument types of the access method.
 939         Type restype;             // The result type of the access method.
 940         List<Type> thrown;        // The thrown exceptions of the access method.
 941         switch (vsym.kind) {
 942         case VAR:
 943             acode = accessCode(tree, enclOp);
 944             if (acode >= AccessCode.FIRSTASGOP.code) {
 945                 OperatorSymbol operator = binaryAccessOperator(acode, enclOp.getTag());
 946                 if (operator.opcode == string_add)
 947                     argtypes = List.of(syms.objectType);
 948                 else
 949                     argtypes = operator.type.getParameterTypes().tail;
 950             } else if (acode == AccessCode.ASSIGN.code)
 951                 argtypes = List.of(vsym.erasure(types));
 952             else
 953                 argtypes = List.nil();
 954             restype = vsym.erasure(types);
 955             thrown = List.nil();
 956             break;
 957         case MTH:
 958             acode = AccessCode.DEREF.code;
 959             argtypes = vsym.erasure(types).getParameterTypes();
 960             restype = vsym.erasure(types).getReturnType();
 961             thrown = vsym.type.getThrownTypes();
 962             break;
 963         default:
 964             throw new AssertionError();
 965         }
 966 
 967         // For references via qualified super, increment acode by one,
 968         // making it odd.
 969         if (protAccess && refSuper) acode++;
 970 
 971         // Instance access methods get instance as first parameter.
 972         // For protected symbols this needs to be the instance as a member
 973         // of the type containing the accessed symbol, not the class
 974         // containing the access method.
 975         if ((vsym.flags() & STATIC) == 0) {
 976             argtypes = argtypes.prepend(vsym.owner.erasure(types));
 977         }
 978         MethodSymbol[] accessors = accessSyms.get(vsym);
 979         MethodSymbol accessor = accessors[acode];
 980         if (accessor == null) {
 981             accessor = new MethodSymbol(
 982                 STATIC | SYNTHETIC | (accOwner.isInterface() ? PUBLIC : 0),
 983                 accessName(anum.intValue(), acode),
 984                 new MethodType(argtypes, restype, thrown, syms.methodClass),
 985                 accOwner);
 986             enterSynthetic(tree.pos(), accessor, accOwner.members());
 987             accessors[acode] = accessor;
 988         }
 989         return accessor;
 990     }
 991 
 992     /** The qualifier to be used for accessing a symbol in an outer class.
 993      *  This is either C.sym or C.this.sym, depending on whether or not
 994      *  sym is static.
 995      *  @param sym   The accessed symbol.
 996      */
 997     JCExpression accessBase(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol sym) {
 998         return (sym.flags() & STATIC) != 0
 999             ? access(make.at(pos.getStartPosition()).QualIdent(sym.owner))
1000             : makeOwnerThis(pos, sym, true);
1001     }
1002 
1003     /** Do we need an access method to reference private symbol?
1004      */
1005     boolean needsPrivateAccess(Symbol sym) {
1006         if (target.hasNestmateAccess()) {
1007             return false;
1008         }
1009         if ((sym.flags() & PRIVATE) == 0 || sym.owner == currentClass) {
1010             return false;
1011         } else if (sym.name == names.init && sym.owner.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal()) {
1012             // private constructor in local class: relax protection
1013             sym.flags_field &= ~PRIVATE;
1014             return false;
1015         } else {
1016             return true;
1017         }
1018     }
1019 
1020     /** Do we need an access method to reference symbol in other package?
1021      */
1022     boolean needsProtectedAccess(Symbol sym, JCTree tree) {
1023         if (disableProtectedAccessors) return false;
1024         if ((sym.flags() & PROTECTED) == 0 ||
1025             sym.owner.owner == currentClass.owner || // fast special case
1026             sym.packge() == currentClass.packge())
1027             return false;
1028         if (!currentClass.isSubClass(sym.owner, types))
1029             return true;
1030         if ((sym.flags() & STATIC) != 0 ||
1031             !tree.hasTag(SELECT) ||
1032             TreeInfo.name(((JCFieldAccess) tree).selected) == names._super)
1033             return false;
1034         return !((JCFieldAccess) tree).selected.type.tsym.isSubClass(currentClass, types);
1035     }
1036 
1037     /** The class in which an access method for given symbol goes.
1038      *  @param sym        The access symbol
1039      *  @param protAccess Is access to a protected symbol in another
1040      *                    package?
1041      */
1042     ClassSymbol accessClass(Symbol sym, boolean protAccess, JCTree tree) {
1043         if (protAccess) {
1044             Symbol qualifier = null;
1045             ClassSymbol c = currentClass;
1046             if (tree.hasTag(SELECT) && (sym.flags() & STATIC) == 0) {
1047                 qualifier = ((JCFieldAccess) tree).selected.type.tsym;
1048                 while (!qualifier.isSubClass(c, types)) {
1049                     c = c.owner.enclClass();
1050                 }
1051                 return c;
1052             } else {
1053                 while (!c.isSubClass(sym.owner, types)) {
1054                     c = c.owner.enclClass();
1055                 }
1056             }
1057             return c;
1058         } else {
1059             // the symbol is private
1060             return sym.owner.enclClass();
1061         }
1062     }
1063 
1064     private boolean noClassDefIn(JCTree tree) {
1065         var scanner = new TreeScanner() {
1066             boolean noClassDef = true;
1067             @Override
1068             public void visitClassDef(JCClassDecl tree) {
1069                 noClassDef = false;
1070             }
1071         };
1072         scanner.scan(tree);
1073         return scanner.noClassDef;
1074     }
1075 
1076     private void addPrunedInfo(JCTree tree) {
1077         List<JCTree> infoList = prunedTree.get(currentClass);
1078         infoList = (infoList == null) ? List.of(tree) : infoList.prepend(tree);
1079         prunedTree.put(currentClass, infoList);
1080     }
1081 
1082     /** Ensure that identifier is accessible, return tree accessing the identifier.
1083      *  @param sym      The accessed symbol.
1084      *  @param tree     The tree referring to the symbol.
1085      *  @param enclOp   The closest enclosing operation node of tree,
1086      *                  null if tree is not a subtree of an operation.
1087      *  @param refSuper Is access via a (qualified) C.super?
1088      */
1089     JCExpression access(Symbol sym, JCExpression tree, JCExpression enclOp, boolean refSuper) {
1090         // Access a free variable via its proxy, or its proxy's proxy
1091         while (sym.kind == VAR && sym.owner.kind == MTH &&
1092             sym.owner.enclClass() != currentClass) {
1093             // A constant is replaced by its constant value.
1094             Object cv = ((VarSymbol)sym).getConstValue();
1095             if (cv != null) {
1096                 make.at(tree.pos);
1097                 return makeLit(sym.type, cv);
1098             }
1099             // Otherwise replace the variable by its proxy.
1100             sym = proxies.get(sym);
1101             Assert.check(sym != null && (sym.flags_field & FINAL) != 0);
1102             tree = make.at(tree.pos).Ident(sym);
1103         }
1104         JCExpression base = (tree.hasTag(SELECT)) ? ((JCFieldAccess) tree).selected : null;
1105         switch (sym.kind) {
1106         case TYP:
1107             if (sym.owner.kind != PCK) {
1108                 // Convert type idents to
1109                 // <flat name> or <package name> . <flat name>
1110                 Name flatname = Convert.shortName(sym.flatName());
1111                 while (base != null &&
1112                        TreeInfo.symbol(base) != null &&
1113                        TreeInfo.symbol(base).kind != PCK) {
1114                     base = (base.hasTag(SELECT))
1115                         ? ((JCFieldAccess) base).selected
1116                         : null;
1117                 }
1118                 if (tree.hasTag(IDENT)) {
1119                     ((JCIdent) tree).name = flatname;
1120                 } else if (base == null) {
1121                     tree = make.at(tree.pos).Ident(sym);
1122                     ((JCIdent) tree).name = flatname;
1123                 } else {
1124                     ((JCFieldAccess) tree).selected = base;
1125                     ((JCFieldAccess) tree).name = flatname;
1126                 }
1127             }
1128             break;
1129         case MTH: case VAR:
1130             if (sym.owner.kind == TYP) {
1131 
1132                 // Access methods are required for
1133                 //  - private members,
1134                 //  - protected members in a superclass of an
1135                 //    enclosing class contained in another package.
1136                 //  - all non-private members accessed via a qualified super.
1137                 boolean protAccess = refSuper && !needsPrivateAccess(sym)
1138                     || needsProtectedAccess(sym, tree);
1139                 boolean accReq = protAccess || needsPrivateAccess(sym);
1140 
1141                 // A base has to be supplied for
1142                 //  - simple identifiers accessing variables in outer classes.
1143                 boolean baseReq =
1144                     base == null &&
1145                     sym.owner != syms.predefClass &&
1146                     !sym.isMemberOf(currentClass, types);
1147 
1148                 if (accReq || baseReq) {
1149                     make.at(tree.pos);
1150 
1151                     // Constants are replaced by their constant value.
1152                     if (sym.kind == VAR) {
1153                         Object cv = ((VarSymbol)sym).getConstValue();
1154                         if (cv != null) {
1155                             addPrunedInfo(tree);
1156                             return makeLit(sym.type, cv);
1157                         }
1158                     }
1159 
1160                     // Private variables and methods are replaced by calls
1161                     // to their access methods.
1162                     if (accReq) {
1163                         List<JCExpression> args = List.nil();
1164                         if ((sym.flags() & STATIC) == 0) {
1165                             // Instance access methods get instance
1166                             // as first parameter.
1167                             if (base == null)
1168                                 base = makeOwnerThis(tree.pos(), sym, true);
1169                             args = args.prepend(base);
1170                             base = null;   // so we don't duplicate code
1171                         }
1172                         Symbol access = accessSymbol(sym, tree,
1173                                                      enclOp, protAccess,
1174                                                      refSuper);
1175                         JCExpression receiver = make.Select(
1176                             base != null ? base : make.QualIdent(access.owner),
1177                             access);
1178                         return make.App(receiver, args);
1179 
1180                     // Other accesses to members of outer classes get a
1181                     // qualifier.
1182                     } else if (baseReq) {
1183                         return make.at(tree.pos).Select(
1184                             accessBase(tree.pos(), sym), sym).setType(tree.type);
1185                     }
1186                 }
1187             }
1188         }
1189         return tree;
1190     }
1191 
1192     /** Ensure that identifier is accessible, return tree accessing the identifier.
1193      *  @param tree     The identifier tree.
1194      */
1195     JCExpression access(JCExpression tree) {
1196         Symbol sym = TreeInfo.symbol(tree);
1197         return sym == null ? tree : access(sym, tree, null, false);
1198     }
1199 
1200     /** Return access constructor for a private constructor,
1201      *  or the constructor itself, if no access constructor is needed.
1202      *  @param pos       The position to report diagnostics, if any.
1203      *  @param constr    The private constructor.
1204      */
1205     Symbol accessConstructor(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol constr) {
1206         if (needsPrivateAccess(constr)) {
1207             ClassSymbol accOwner = constr.owner.enclClass();
1208             MethodSymbol aconstr = accessConstrs.get(constr);
1209             if (aconstr == null) {
1210                 List<Type> argtypes = constr.type.getParameterTypes();
1211                 if ((accOwner.flags_field & ENUM) != 0)
1212                     argtypes = argtypes
1213                         .prepend(syms.intType)
1214                         .prepend(syms.stringType);
1215                 aconstr = new MethodSymbol(
1216                     SYNTHETIC,
1217                     names.init,
1218                     new MethodType(
1219                         argtypes.append(
1220                             accessConstructorTag().erasure(types)),
1221                         constr.type.getReturnType(),
1222                         constr.type.getThrownTypes(),
1223                         syms.methodClass),
1224                     accOwner);
1225                 enterSynthetic(pos, aconstr, accOwner.members());
1226                 accessConstrs.put(constr, aconstr);
1227                 accessed.append(constr);
1228             }
1229             return aconstr;
1230         } else {
1231             return constr;
1232         }
1233     }
1234 
1235     /** Return an anonymous class nested in this toplevel class.
1236      */
1237     ClassSymbol accessConstructorTag() {
1238         ClassSymbol topClass = currentClass.outermostClass();
1239         ModuleSymbol topModle = topClass.packge().modle;
1240         for (int i = 1; ; i++) {
1241             Name flatname = names.fromString("" + topClass.getQualifiedName() +
1242                                             target.syntheticNameChar() +
1243                                             i);
1244             ClassSymbol ctag = chk.getCompiled(topModle, flatname);
1245             if (ctag == null)
1246                 ctag = makeEmptyClass(STATIC | SYNTHETIC, topClass).sym;
1247             else if (!ctag.isAnonymous())
1248                 continue;
1249             // keep a record of all tags, to verify that all are generated as required
1250             accessConstrTags = accessConstrTags.prepend(ctag);
1251             return ctag;
1252         }
1253     }
1254 
1255     /** Add all required access methods for a private symbol to enclosing class.
1256      *  @param sym       The symbol.
1257      */
1258     void makeAccessible(Symbol sym) {
1259         JCClassDecl cdef = classDef(sym.owner.enclClass());
1260         if (cdef == null) Assert.error("class def not found: " + sym + " in " + sym.owner);
1261         if (sym.name == names.init) {
1262             cdef.defs = cdef.defs.prepend(
1263                 accessConstructorDef(cdef.pos, sym, accessConstrs.get(sym)));
1264         } else {
1265             MethodSymbol[] accessors = accessSyms.get(sym);
1266             for (int i = 0; i < AccessCode.numberOfAccessCodes; i++) {
1267                 if (accessors[i] != null)
1268                     cdef.defs = cdef.defs.prepend(
1269                         accessDef(cdef.pos, sym, accessors[i], i));
1270             }
1271         }
1272     }
1273 
1274     /** Construct definition of an access method.
1275      *  @param pos        The source code position of the definition.
1276      *  @param vsym       The private or protected symbol.
1277      *  @param accessor   The access method for the symbol.
1278      *  @param acode      The access code.
1279      */
1280     JCTree accessDef(int pos, Symbol vsym, MethodSymbol accessor, int acode) {
1281 //      System.err.println("access " + vsym + " with " + accessor);//DEBUG
1282         currentClass = vsym.owner.enclClass();
1283         make.at(pos);
1284         JCMethodDecl md = make.MethodDef(accessor, null);
1285 
1286         // Find actual symbol
1287         Symbol sym = actualSymbols.get(vsym);
1288         if (sym == null) sym = vsym;
1289 
1290         JCExpression ref;           // The tree referencing the private symbol.
1291         List<JCExpression> args;    // Any additional arguments to be passed along.
1292         if ((sym.flags() & STATIC) != 0) {
1293             ref = make.Ident(sym);
1294             args = make.Idents(md.params);
1295         } else {
1296             JCExpression site = make.Ident(md.params.head);
1297             if (acode % 2 != 0) {
1298                 //odd access codes represent qualified super accesses - need to
1299                 //emit reference to the direct superclass, even if the referred
1300                 //member is from an indirect superclass (JLS 13.1)
1301                 site.setType(types.erasure(types.supertype(vsym.owner.enclClass().type)));
1302             }
1303             ref = make.Select(site, sym);
1304             args = make.Idents(md.params.tail);
1305         }
1306         JCStatement stat;          // The statement accessing the private symbol.
1307         if (sym.kind == VAR) {
1308             // Normalize out all odd access codes by taking floor modulo 2:
1309             int acode1 = acode - (acode & 1);
1310 
1311             JCExpression expr;      // The access method's return value.
1312             AccessCode aCode = AccessCode.getFromCode(acode1);
1313             switch (aCode) {
1314             case DEREF:
1315                 expr = ref;
1316                 break;
1317             case ASSIGN:
1318                 expr = make.Assign(ref, args.head);
1319                 break;
1320             case PREINC: case POSTINC: case PREDEC: case POSTDEC:
1321                 expr = makeUnary(aCode.tag, ref);
1322                 break;
1323             default:
1324                 expr = make.Assignop(
1325                     treeTag(binaryAccessOperator(acode1, JCTree.Tag.NO_TAG)), ref, args.head);
1326                 ((JCAssignOp) expr).operator = binaryAccessOperator(acode1, JCTree.Tag.NO_TAG);
1327             }
1328             stat = make.Return(expr.setType(sym.type));
1329         } else {
1330             stat = make.Call(make.App(ref, args));
1331         }
1332         md.body = make.Block(0, List.of(stat));
1333 
1334         // Make sure all parameters, result types and thrown exceptions
1335         // are accessible.
1336         for (List<JCVariableDecl> l = md.params; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail)
1337             l.head.vartype = access(l.head.vartype);
1338         md.restype = access(md.restype);
1339         for (List<JCExpression> l = md.thrown; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail)
1340             l.head = access(l.head);
1341 
1342         return md;
1343     }
1344 
1345     /** Construct definition of an access constructor.
1346      *  @param pos        The source code position of the definition.
1347      *  @param constr     The private constructor.
1348      *  @param accessor   The access method for the constructor.
1349      */
1350     JCTree accessConstructorDef(int pos, Symbol constr, MethodSymbol accessor) {
1351         make.at(pos);
1352         JCMethodDecl md = make.MethodDef(accessor,
1353                                       accessor.externalType(types),
1354                                       null);
1355         JCIdent callee = make.Ident(names._this);
1356         callee.sym = constr;
1357         callee.type = constr.type;
1358         md.body =
1359             make.Block(0, List.of(
1360                 make.Call(
1361                     make.App(
1362                         callee,
1363                         make.Idents(md.params.reverse().tail.reverse())))));
1364         return md;
1365     }
1366 
1367 /* ************************************************************************
1368  * Free variables proxies and this$n
1369  *************************************************************************/
1370 
1371     /** A map which allows to retrieve the translated proxy variable for any given symbol of an
1372      *  enclosing scope that is accessed (the accessed symbol could be the synthetic 'this$n' symbol).
1373      *  Inside a constructor, the map temporarily overrides entries corresponding to proxies and any
1374      *  'this$n' symbols, where they represent the constructor parameters.
1375      */
1376     Map<Symbol, Symbol> proxies;
1377 
1378     /** A scope containing all unnamed resource variables/saved
1379      *  exception variables for translated TWR blocks
1380      */
1381     WriteableScope twrVars;
1382 
1383     /** A stack containing the this$n field of the currently translated
1384      *  classes (if needed) in innermost first order.
1385      *  Inside a constructor, proxies and any this$n symbol are duplicated
1386      *  in an additional innermost scope, where they represent the constructor
1387      *  parameters.
1388      */
1389     List<VarSymbol> outerThisStack;
1390 
1391     /** The name of a free variable proxy.
1392      */
1393     Name proxyName(Name name, int index) {
1394         Name proxyName = names.fromString("val" + target.syntheticNameChar() + name);
1395         if (index > 0) {
1396             proxyName = proxyName.append(names.fromString("" + target.syntheticNameChar() + index));
1397         }
1398         return proxyName;
1399     }
1400 
1401     /** Proxy definitions for all free variables in given list, in reverse order.
1402      *  @param pos        The source code position of the definition.
1403      *  @param freevars   The free variables.
1404      *  @param owner      The class in which the definitions go.
1405      */
1406     List<JCVariableDecl> freevarDefs(int pos, List<VarSymbol> freevars, Symbol owner) {
1407         return freevarDefs(pos, freevars, owner, LOCAL_CAPTURE_FIELD);
1408     }
1409 
1410     List<JCVariableDecl> freevarDefs(int pos, List<VarSymbol> freevars, Symbol owner,
1411             long additionalFlags) {
1412         long flags = FINAL | SYNTHETIC | additionalFlags;
1413         List<JCVariableDecl> defs = List.nil();
1414         Set<Name> proxyNames = new HashSet<>();
1415         for (List<VarSymbol> l = freevars; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail) {
1416             VarSymbol v = l.head;
1417             int index = 0;
1418             Name proxyName;
1419             do {
1420                 proxyName = proxyName(v.name, index++);
1421             } while (!proxyNames.add(proxyName));
1422             VarSymbol proxy = new VarSymbol(
1423                 flags, proxyName, v.erasure(types), owner) {
1424                 @Override
1425                 public Symbol baseSymbol() {
1426                     return v;
1427                 }
1428             };
1429             proxies.put(v, proxy);
1430             JCVariableDecl vd = make.at(pos).VarDef(proxy, null);
1431             vd.vartype = access(vd.vartype);
1432             defs = defs.prepend(vd);
1433         }
1434         return defs;
1435     }
1436 
1437     /** The name of a this$n field
1438      *  @param type   The class referenced by the this$n field
1439      */
1440     Name outerThisName(Type type, Symbol owner) {
1441         Type t = type.getEnclosingType();
1442         int nestingLevel = 0;
1443         while (t.hasTag(CLASS)) {
1444             t = t.getEnclosingType();
1445             nestingLevel++;
1446         }
1447         Name result = names.fromString("this" + target.syntheticNameChar() + nestingLevel);
1448         while (owner.kind == TYP && ((ClassSymbol)owner).members().findFirst(result) != null)
1449             result = names.fromString(result.toString() + target.syntheticNameChar());
1450         return result;
1451     }
1452 
1453     private VarSymbol makeOuterThisVarSymbol(Symbol owner, long flags) {
1454         Type target = owner.innermostAccessibleEnclosingClass().erasure(types);
1455         // Set NOOUTERTHIS for all synthetic outer instance variables, and unset
1456         // it when the variable is accessed. If the variable is never accessed,
1457         // we skip creating an outer instance field and saving the constructor
1458         // parameter to it.
1459         VarSymbol outerThis =
1460             new VarSymbol(flags | NOOUTERTHIS, outerThisName(target, owner), target, owner);
1461         outerThisStack = outerThisStack.prepend(outerThis);
1462         return outerThis;
1463     }
1464 
1465     private JCVariableDecl makeOuterThisVarDecl(int pos, VarSymbol sym) {
1466         JCVariableDecl vd = make.at(pos).VarDef(sym, null);
1467         vd.vartype = access(vd.vartype);
1468         return vd;
1469     }
1470 
1471     /** Definition for this$n field.
1472      *  @param pos        The source code position of the definition.
1473      *  @param owner      The method in which the definition goes.
1474      */
1475     JCVariableDecl outerThisDef(int pos, MethodSymbol owner) {
1476         ClassSymbol c = owner.enclClass();
1477         boolean isMandated =
1478             // Anonymous constructors
1479             (owner.isConstructor() && owner.isAnonymous()) ||
1480             // Constructors of non-private inner member classes
1481             (owner.isConstructor() && c.isInner() &&
1482              !c.isPrivate() && !c.isStatic());
1483         long flags =
1484             FINAL | (isMandated ? MANDATED : SYNTHETIC) | PARAMETER;
1485         VarSymbol outerThis = makeOuterThisVarSymbol(owner, flags);
1486         owner.extraParams = owner.extraParams.prepend(outerThis);
1487         return makeOuterThisVarDecl(pos, outerThis);
1488     }
1489 
1490     /** Definition for this$n field.
1491      *  @param pos        The source code position of the definition.
1492      *  @param owner      The class in which the definition goes.
1493      */
1494     JCVariableDecl outerThisDef(int pos, ClassSymbol owner) {
1495         VarSymbol outerThis = makeOuterThisVarSymbol(owner, FINAL | SYNTHETIC);
1496         return makeOuterThisVarDecl(pos, outerThis);
1497     }
1498 
1499     /** Return a list of trees that load the free variables in given list,
1500      *  in reverse order.
1501      *  @param pos          The source code position to be used for the trees.
1502      *  @param freevars     The list of free variables.
1503      */
1504     List<JCExpression> loadFreevars(DiagnosticPosition pos, List<VarSymbol> freevars) {
1505         List<JCExpression> args = List.nil();
1506         for (List<VarSymbol> l = freevars; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail)
1507             args = args.prepend(loadFreevar(pos, l.head));
1508         return args;
1509     }
1510 //where
1511         JCExpression loadFreevar(DiagnosticPosition pos, VarSymbol v) {
1512             return access(v, make.at(pos).Ident(v), null, false);
1513         }
1514 
1515     /** Construct a tree simulating the expression {@code C.this}.
1516      *  @param pos           The source code position to be used for the tree.
1517      *  @param c             The qualifier class.
1518      */
1519     JCExpression makeThis(DiagnosticPosition pos, TypeSymbol c) {
1520         if (currentClass == c) {
1521             // in this case, `this' works fine
1522             return make.at(pos).This(c.erasure(types));
1523         } else {
1524             // need to go via this$n
1525             return makeOuterThis(pos, c);
1526         }
1527     }
1528 
1529     /**
1530      * Optionally replace a try statement with the desugaring of a
1531      * try-with-resources statement.  The canonical desugaring of
1532      *
1533      * try ResourceSpecification
1534      *   Block
1535      *
1536      * is
1537      *
1538      * {
1539      *   final VariableModifiers_minus_final R #resource = Expression;
1540      *
1541      *   try ResourceSpecificationtail
1542      *     Block
1543      *   } body-only-finally {
1544      *     if (#resource != null) //nullcheck skipped if Expression is provably non-null
1545      *         #resource.close();
1546      *   } catch (Throwable #primaryException) {
1547      *       if (#resource != null) //nullcheck skipped if Expression is provably non-null
1548      *           try {
1549      *               #resource.close();
1550      *           } catch (Throwable #suppressedException) {
1551      *              #primaryException.addSuppressed(#suppressedException);
1552      *           }
1553      *       throw #primaryException;
1554      *   }
1555      * }
1556      *
1557      * @param tree  The try statement to inspect.
1558      * @return a desugared try-with-resources tree, or the original
1559      * try block if there are no resources to manage.
1560      */
1561     JCTree makeTwrTry(JCTry tree) {
1562         make_at(tree.pos());
1563         twrVars = twrVars.dup();
1564         JCBlock twrBlock = makeTwrBlock(tree.resources, tree.body, 0);
1565         if (tree.catchers.isEmpty() && tree.finalizer == null)
1566             result = translate(twrBlock);
1567         else
1568             result = translate(make.Try(twrBlock, tree.catchers, tree.finalizer));
1569         twrVars = twrVars.leave();
1570         return result;
1571     }
1572 
1573     private JCBlock makeTwrBlock(List<JCTree> resources, JCBlock block, int depth) {
1574         if (resources.isEmpty())
1575             return block;
1576 
1577         // Add resource declaration or expression to block statements
1578         ListBuffer<JCStatement> stats = new ListBuffer<>();
1579         JCTree resource = resources.head;
1580         JCExpression resourceUse;
1581         boolean resourceNonNull;
1582         if (resource instanceof JCVariableDecl variableDecl) {
1583             resourceUse = make.Ident(variableDecl.sym).setType(resource.type);
1584             resourceNonNull = variableDecl.init != null && TreeInfo.skipParens(variableDecl.init).hasTag(NEWCLASS);
1585             stats.add(variableDecl);
1586         } else {
1587             Assert.check(resource instanceof JCExpression);
1588             VarSymbol syntheticTwrVar =
1589             new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC | FINAL,
1590                           makeSyntheticName(names.fromString("twrVar" +
1591                                            depth), twrVars),
1592                           (resource.type.hasTag(BOT)) ?
1593                           syms.autoCloseableType : resource.type,
1594                           currentMethodSym);
1595             twrVars.enter(syntheticTwrVar);
1596             JCVariableDecl syntheticTwrVarDecl =
1597                 make.VarDef(syntheticTwrVar, (JCExpression)resource);
1598             resourceUse = (JCExpression)make.Ident(syntheticTwrVar);
1599             resourceNonNull = false;
1600             stats.add(syntheticTwrVarDecl);
1601         }
1602 
1603         //create (semi-) finally block that will be copied into the main try body:
1604         int oldPos = make.pos;
1605         make.at(TreeInfo.endPos(block));
1606 
1607         // if (#resource != null) { #resource.close(); }
1608         JCStatement bodyCloseStatement = makeResourceCloseInvocation(resourceUse);
1609 
1610         if (!resourceNonNull) {
1611             bodyCloseStatement = make.If(makeNonNullCheck(resourceUse),
1612                                          bodyCloseStatement,
1613                                          null);
1614         }
1615 
1616         JCBlock finallyClause = make.Block(BODY_ONLY_FINALIZE, List.of(bodyCloseStatement));
1617         make.at(oldPos);
1618 
1619         // Create catch clause that saves exception, closes the resource and then rethrows the exception:
1620         VarSymbol primaryException =
1621             new VarSymbol(FINAL|SYNTHETIC,
1622                           names.fromString("t" +
1623                                            target.syntheticNameChar()),
1624                           syms.throwableType,
1625                           currentMethodSym);
1626         JCVariableDecl primaryExceptionDecl = make.VarDef(primaryException, null);
1627 
1628         // close resource:
1629         // try {
1630         //     #resource.close();
1631         // } catch (Throwable #suppressedException) {
1632         //     #primaryException.addSuppressed(#suppressedException);
1633         // }
1634         VarSymbol suppressedException =
1635             new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC, make.paramName(2),
1636                           syms.throwableType,
1637                           currentMethodSym);
1638         JCStatement addSuppressedStatement =
1639             make.Exec(makeCall(make.Ident(primaryException),
1640                                names.addSuppressed,
1641                                List.of(make.Ident(suppressedException))));
1642         JCBlock closeResourceTryBlock =
1643             make.Block(0L, List.of(makeResourceCloseInvocation(resourceUse)));
1644         JCVariableDecl catchSuppressedDecl = make.VarDef(suppressedException, null);
1645         JCBlock catchSuppressedBlock = make.Block(0L, List.of(addSuppressedStatement));
1646         List<JCCatch> catchSuppressedClauses =
1647                 List.of(make.Catch(catchSuppressedDecl, catchSuppressedBlock));
1648         JCTry closeResourceTry = make.Try(closeResourceTryBlock, catchSuppressedClauses, null);
1649         closeResourceTry.finallyCanCompleteNormally = true;
1650 
1651         JCStatement exceptionalCloseStatement = closeResourceTry;
1652 
1653         if (!resourceNonNull) {
1654             // if (#resource != null) {  }
1655             exceptionalCloseStatement = make.If(makeNonNullCheck(resourceUse),
1656                                                 exceptionalCloseStatement,
1657                                                 null);
1658         }
1659 
1660         JCStatement exceptionalRethrow = make.Throw(make.Ident(primaryException));
1661         JCBlock exceptionalCloseBlock = make.Block(0L, List.of(exceptionalCloseStatement, exceptionalRethrow));
1662         JCCatch exceptionalCatchClause = make.Catch(primaryExceptionDecl, exceptionalCloseBlock);
1663 
1664         //create the main try statement with the close:
1665         JCTry outerTry = make.Try(makeTwrBlock(resources.tail, block, depth + 1),
1666                                   List.of(exceptionalCatchClause),
1667                                   finallyClause);
1668 
1669         outerTry.finallyCanCompleteNormally = true;
1670         stats.add(outerTry);
1671 
1672         JCBlock newBlock = make.Block(0L, stats.toList());
1673         return newBlock;
1674     }
1675 
1676     private JCStatement makeResourceCloseInvocation(JCExpression resource) {
1677         // convert to AutoCloseable if needed
1678         if (types.asSuper(resource.type, syms.autoCloseableType.tsym) == null) {
1679             resource = convert(resource, syms.autoCloseableType);
1680         }
1681 
1682         // create resource.close() method invocation
1683         JCExpression resourceClose = makeCall(resource,
1684                                               names.close,
1685                                               List.nil());
1686         return make.Exec(resourceClose);
1687     }
1688 
1689     private JCExpression makeNonNullCheck(JCExpression expression) {
1690         return makeBinary(NE, expression, makeNull());
1691     }
1692 
1693     /** Construct a tree that represents the outer instance
1694      *  {@code C.this}. Never pick the current `this'.
1695      *  @param pos           The source code position to be used for the tree.
1696      *  @param c             The qualifier class.
1697      */
1698     JCExpression makeOuterThis(DiagnosticPosition pos, TypeSymbol c) {
1699         List<VarSymbol> ots = outerThisStack;
1700         if (ots.isEmpty()) {
1701             log.error(pos, Errors.NoEnclInstanceOfTypeInScope(c));
1702             return makeNull();
1703         }
1704         VarSymbol ot = ots.head;
1705         JCExpression tree = access(make.at(pos).Ident(ot));
1706         ot.flags_field &= ~NOOUTERTHIS;
1707         TypeSymbol otc = ot.type.tsym;
1708         while (otc != c) {
1709             do {
1710                 ots = ots.tail;
1711                 if (ots.isEmpty()) {
1712                     log.error(pos, Errors.NoEnclInstanceOfTypeInScope(c));
1713                     Assert.error(); // should have been caught in Attr
1714                     return tree;
1715                 }
1716                 ot = ots.head;
1717             } while (ot.owner != otc);
1718             if (otc.owner.kind != PCK && !otc.hasOuterInstance()) {
1719                 log.error(pos, Errors.NoEnclInstanceOfTypeInScope(c));
1720                 Assert.error(); // should have been caught in Attr
1721                 return makeNull();
1722             }
1723             tree = access(make.at(pos).Select(tree, ot));
1724             ot.flags_field &= ~NOOUTERTHIS;
1725             otc = ot.type.tsym;
1726         }
1727         return tree;
1728     }
1729 
1730     /** Construct a tree that represents the closest outer instance
1731      *  {@code C.this} such that the given symbol is a member of C.
1732      *  @param pos           The source code position to be used for the tree.
1733      *  @param sym           The accessed symbol.
1734      *  @param preciseMatch  should we accept a type that is a subtype of
1735      *                       sym's owner, even if it doesn't contain sym
1736      *                       due to hiding, overriding, or non-inheritance
1737      *                       due to protection?
1738      */
1739     JCExpression makeOwnerThis(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol sym, boolean preciseMatch) {
1740         if (preciseMatch ? sym.isMemberOf(currentClass, types)
1741                          : currentClass.isSubClass(sym.owner, types)) {
1742             // in this case, `this' works fine
1743             return make.at(pos).This(currentClass.erasure(types));
1744         } else {
1745             // need to go via this$n
1746             return makeOwnerThisN(pos, sym, preciseMatch);
1747         }
1748     }
1749 
1750     /**
1751      * Similar to makeOwnerThis but will never pick "this".
1752      */
1753     JCExpression makeOwnerThisN(DiagnosticPosition pos, Symbol sym, boolean preciseMatch) {
1754         Symbol c = sym.owner;
1755         List<VarSymbol> ots = outerThisStack;
1756         if (ots.isEmpty()) {
1757             log.error(pos, Errors.NoEnclInstanceOfTypeInScope(c));
1758             return makeNull();
1759         }
1760         VarSymbol ot = ots.head;
1761         JCExpression tree = access(make.at(pos).Ident(ot));
1762         ot.flags_field &= ~NOOUTERTHIS;
1763         TypeSymbol otc = ot.type.tsym;
1764         while (!(preciseMatch ? sym.isMemberOf(otc, types) : otc.isSubClass(sym.owner, types))) {
1765             do {
1766                 ots = ots.tail;
1767                 if (ots.isEmpty()) {
1768                     log.error(pos, Errors.NoEnclInstanceOfTypeInScope(c));
1769                     return tree;
1770                 }
1771                 ot = ots.head;
1772             } while (ot.owner != otc);
1773             tree = access(make.at(pos).Select(tree, ot));
1774             ot.flags_field &= ~NOOUTERTHIS;
1775             otc = ot.type.tsym;
1776         }
1777         return tree;
1778     }
1779 
1780     /** Return tree simulating the assignment {@code this.name = name}, where
1781      *  name is the name of a free variable.
1782      */
1783     JCStatement initField(int pos, Symbol rhs, Symbol lhs) {
1784         Assert.check(rhs.owner.kind == MTH);
1785         Assert.check(rhs.owner.owner == lhs.owner);
1786         make.at(pos);
1787         return
1788             make.Exec(
1789                 make.Assign(
1790                     make.Select(make.This(lhs.owner.erasure(types)), lhs),
1791                     make.Ident(rhs)).setType(lhs.erasure(types)));
1792     }
1793 
1794     /**
1795      * Return tree simulating null checking outer this and/or assigning. This is
1796      * called when a null check is required (nullCheckOuterThis), or a synthetic
1797      * field is generated (stores).
1798      */
1799     JCStatement initOuterThis(int pos, VarSymbol rhs, boolean stores) {
1800         Assert.check(rhs.owner.kind == MTH);
1801         Assert.check(nullCheckOuterThis || stores); // One of the flags must be true
1802         make.at(pos);
1803         JCExpression expression = make.Ident(rhs);
1804         if (nullCheckOuterThis) {
1805             expression = attr.makeNullCheck(expression);
1806         }
1807         if (stores) {
1808             VarSymbol lhs = outerThisStack.head;
1809             Assert.check(rhs.owner.owner == lhs.owner);
1810             expression = make.Assign(
1811                     make.Select(make.This(lhs.owner.erasure(types)), lhs),
1812                     expression).setType(lhs.erasure(types));
1813         }
1814         return make.Exec(expression);
1815     }
1816 
1817 /* ************************************************************************
1818  * Code for .class
1819  *************************************************************************/
1820 
1821     /** Return the symbol of a class to contain a cache of
1822      *  compiler-generated statics such as class$ and the
1823      *  $assertionsDisabled flag.  We create an anonymous nested class
1824      *  (unless one already exists) and return its symbol.  However,
1825      *  for backward compatibility in 1.4 and earlier we use the
1826      *  top-level class itself.
1827      */
1828     private ClassSymbol outerCacheClass() {
1829         ClassSymbol clazz = outermostClassDef.sym;
1830         Scope s = clazz.members();
1831         for (Symbol sym : s.getSymbols(NON_RECURSIVE))
1832             if (sym.kind == TYP &&
1833                 sym.name == names.empty &&
1834                 (sym.flags() & INTERFACE) == 0) return (ClassSymbol) sym;
1835         return makeEmptyClass(STATIC | SYNTHETIC, clazz).sym;
1836     }
1837 
1838     /** Create an attributed tree of the form left.name(). */
1839     private JCMethodInvocation makeCall(JCExpression left, Name name, List<JCExpression> args) {
1840         Assert.checkNonNull(left.type);
1841         Symbol funcsym = lookupMethod(make_pos, name, left.type,
1842                                       TreeInfo.types(args));
1843         return make.App(make.Select(left, funcsym), args);
1844     }
1845 
1846     /** The tree simulating a T.class expression.
1847      *  @param clazz      The tree identifying type T.
1848      */
1849     private JCExpression classOf(JCTree clazz) {
1850         return classOfType(clazz.type, clazz.pos());
1851     }
1852 
1853     private JCExpression classOfType(Type type, DiagnosticPosition pos) {
1854         switch (type.getTag()) {
1855         case BYTE: case SHORT: case CHAR: case INT: case LONG: case FLOAT:
1856         case DOUBLE: case BOOLEAN: case VOID:
1857             // replace with <BoxedClass>.TYPE
1858             ClassSymbol c = types.boxedClass(type);
1859             Symbol typeSym =
1860                 rs.accessBase(
1861                     rs.findIdentInType(pos, attrEnv, c.type, names.TYPE, KindSelector.VAR),
1862                     pos, c.type, names.TYPE, true);
1863             if (typeSym.kind == VAR)
1864                 ((VarSymbol)typeSym).getConstValue(); // ensure initializer is evaluated
1865             return make.QualIdent(typeSym);
1866         case CLASS: case ARRAY:
1867                 VarSymbol sym = new VarSymbol(
1868                         STATIC | PUBLIC | FINAL, names._class,
1869                         syms.classType, type.tsym);
1870                 return make_at(pos).Select(make.Type(type), sym);
1871         default:
1872             throw new AssertionError();
1873         }
1874     }
1875 
1876 /* ************************************************************************
1877  * Code for enabling/disabling assertions.
1878  *************************************************************************/
1879 
1880     private ClassSymbol assertionsDisabledClassCache;
1881 
1882     /**Used to create an auxiliary class to hold $assertionsDisabled for interfaces.
1883      */
1884     private ClassSymbol assertionsDisabledClass() {
1885         if (assertionsDisabledClassCache != null) return assertionsDisabledClassCache;
1886 
1887         assertionsDisabledClassCache = makeEmptyClass(STATIC | SYNTHETIC, outermostClassDef.sym).sym;
1888 
1889         return assertionsDisabledClassCache;
1890     }
1891 
1892     // This code is not particularly robust if the user has
1893     // previously declared a member named '$assertionsDisabled'.
1894     // The same faulty idiom also appears in the translation of
1895     // class literals above.  We should report an error if a
1896     // previous declaration is not synthetic.
1897 
1898     private JCExpression assertFlagTest(DiagnosticPosition pos) {
1899         // Outermost class may be either true class or an interface.
1900         ClassSymbol outermostClass = outermostClassDef.sym;
1901 
1902         //only classes can hold a non-public field, look for a usable one:
1903         ClassSymbol container = !currentClass.isInterface() ? currentClass :
1904                 assertionsDisabledClass();
1905 
1906         VarSymbol assertDisabledSym =
1907             (VarSymbol)lookupSynthetic(dollarAssertionsDisabled,
1908                                        container.members());
1909         if (assertDisabledSym == null) {
1910             assertDisabledSym =
1911                 new VarSymbol(STATIC | FINAL | SYNTHETIC,
1912                               dollarAssertionsDisabled,
1913                               syms.booleanType,
1914                               container);
1915             enterSynthetic(pos, assertDisabledSym, container.members());
1916             Symbol desiredAssertionStatusSym = lookupMethod(pos,
1917                                                             names.desiredAssertionStatus,
1918                                                             types.erasure(syms.classType),
1919                                                             List.nil());
1920             JCClassDecl containerDef = classDef(container);
1921             make_at(containerDef.pos());
1922             JCExpression notStatus = makeUnary(NOT, make.App(make.Select(
1923                     classOfType(types.erasure(outermostClass.type),
1924                                 containerDef.pos()),
1925                     desiredAssertionStatusSym)));
1926             JCVariableDecl assertDisabledDef = make.VarDef(assertDisabledSym,
1927                                                    notStatus);
1928             containerDef.defs = containerDef.defs.prepend(assertDisabledDef);
1929 
1930             if (currentClass.isInterface()) {
1931                 //need to load the assertions enabled/disabled state while
1932                 //initializing the interface:
1933                 JCClassDecl currentClassDef = classDef(currentClass);
1934                 make_at(currentClassDef.pos());
1935                 JCStatement dummy = make.If(make.QualIdent(assertDisabledSym), make.Skip(), null);
1936                 JCBlock clinit = make.Block(STATIC, List.of(dummy));
1937                 currentClassDef.defs = currentClassDef.defs.prepend(clinit);
1938             }
1939         }
1940         make_at(pos);
1941         return makeUnary(NOT, make.Ident(assertDisabledSym));
1942     }
1943 
1944 
1945 /* ************************************************************************
1946  * Building blocks for let expressions
1947  *************************************************************************/
1948 
1949     interface TreeBuilder {
1950         JCExpression build(JCExpression arg);
1951     }
1952 
1953     /** Construct an expression using the builder, with the given rval
1954      *  expression as an argument to the builder.  However, the rval
1955      *  expression must be computed only once, even if used multiple
1956      *  times in the result of the builder.  We do that by
1957      *  constructing a "let" expression that saves the rvalue into a
1958      *  temporary variable and then uses the temporary variable in
1959      *  place of the expression built by the builder.  The complete
1960      *  resulting expression is of the form
1961      *  <pre>
1962      *    (let <b>TYPE</b> <b>TEMP</b> = <b>RVAL</b>;
1963      *     in (<b>BUILDER</b>(<b>TEMP</b>)))
1964      *  </pre>
1965      *  where <code><b>TEMP</b></code> is a newly declared variable
1966      *  in the let expression.
1967      */
1968     JCExpression abstractRval(JCExpression rval, Type type, TreeBuilder builder) {
1969         rval = TreeInfo.skipParens(rval);
1970         switch (rval.getTag()) {
1971         case LITERAL:
1972             return builder.build(rval);
1973         case IDENT:
1974             JCIdent id = (JCIdent) rval;
1975             if ((id.sym.flags() & FINAL) != 0 && id.sym.owner.kind == MTH)
1976                 return builder.build(rval);
1977         }
1978         Name name = TreeInfo.name(rval);
1979         if (name == names._super || name == names._this)
1980             return builder.build(rval);
1981         VarSymbol var =
1982             new VarSymbol(FINAL|SYNTHETIC,
1983                           names.fromString(
1984                                           target.syntheticNameChar()
1985                                           + "" + rval.hashCode()),
1986                                       type,
1987                                       currentMethodSym);
1988         rval = convert(rval,type);
1989         JCVariableDecl def = make.VarDef(var, rval); // XXX cast
1990         JCExpression built = builder.build(make.Ident(var));
1991         JCExpression res = make.LetExpr(def, built);
1992         res.type = built.type;
1993         return res;
1994     }
1995 
1996     // same as above, with the type of the temporary variable computed
1997     JCExpression abstractRval(JCExpression rval, TreeBuilder builder) {
1998         return abstractRval(rval, rval.type, builder);
1999     }
2000 
2001     // same as above, but for an expression that may be used as either
2002     // an rvalue or an lvalue.  This requires special handling for
2003     // Select expressions, where we place the left-hand-side of the
2004     // select in a temporary, and for Indexed expressions, where we
2005     // place both the indexed expression and the index value in temps.
2006     JCExpression abstractLval(JCExpression lval, final TreeBuilder builder) {
2007         lval = TreeInfo.skipParens(lval);
2008         switch (lval.getTag()) {
2009         case IDENT:
2010             return builder.build(lval);
2011         case SELECT: {
2012             final JCFieldAccess s = (JCFieldAccess)lval;
2013             Symbol lid = TreeInfo.symbol(s.selected);
2014             if (lid != null && lid.kind == TYP) return builder.build(lval);
2015             return abstractRval(s.selected, selected -> builder.build(make.Select(selected, s.sym)));
2016         }
2017         case INDEXED: {
2018             final JCArrayAccess i = (JCArrayAccess)lval;
2019             return abstractRval(i.indexed, indexed -> abstractRval(i.index, syms.intType, index -> {
2020                 JCExpression newLval = make.Indexed(indexed, index);
2021                 newLval.setType(i.type);
2022                 return builder.build(newLval);
2023             }));
2024         }
2025         case TYPECAST: {
2026             return abstractLval(((JCTypeCast)lval).expr, builder);
2027         }
2028         }
2029         throw new AssertionError(lval);
2030     }
2031 
2032     // evaluate and discard the first expression, then evaluate the second.
2033     JCExpression makeComma(final JCExpression expr1, final JCExpression expr2) {
2034         JCExpression res = make.LetExpr(List.of(make.Exec(expr1)), expr2);
2035         res.type = expr2.type;
2036         return res;
2037     }
2038 
2039 /* ************************************************************************
2040  * Translation methods
2041  *************************************************************************/
2042 
2043     /** Visitor argument: enclosing operator node.
2044      */
2045     private JCExpression enclOp;
2046 
2047     /** Visitor method: Translate a single node.
2048      *  Attach the source position from the old tree to its replacement tree.
2049      */
2050     @Override
2051     public <T extends JCTree> T translate(T tree) {
2052         if (tree == null) {
2053             return null;
2054         } else {
2055             make_at(tree.pos());
2056             T result = super.translate(tree);
2057             if (result != null && result != tree) {
2058                 result.endpos = tree.endpos;
2059             }
2060             return result;
2061         }
2062     }
2063 
2064     /** Visitor method: Translate a single node, boxing or unboxing if needed.
2065      */
2066     public <T extends JCExpression> T translate(T tree, Type type) {
2067         return (tree == null) ? null : boxIfNeeded(translate(tree), type);
2068     }
2069 
2070     /** Visitor method: Translate tree.
2071      */
2072     public <T extends JCTree> T translate(T tree, JCExpression enclOp) {
2073         JCExpression prevEnclOp = this.enclOp;
2074         this.enclOp = enclOp;
2075         T res = translate(tree);
2076         this.enclOp = prevEnclOp;
2077         return res;
2078     }
2079 
2080     /** Visitor method: Translate list of trees.
2081      */
2082     public <T extends JCExpression> List<T> translate(List<T> trees, Type type) {
2083         if (trees == null) return null;
2084         for (List<T> l = trees; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail)
2085             l.head = translate(l.head, type);
2086         return trees;
2087     }
2088 
2089     public void visitPackageDef(JCPackageDecl tree) {
2090         if (!needPackageInfoClass(tree))
2091                         return;
2092 
2093         long flags = Flags.ABSTRACT | Flags.INTERFACE;
2094         // package-info is marked SYNTHETIC in JDK 1.6 and later releases
2095         flags = flags | Flags.SYNTHETIC;
2096         ClassSymbol c = tree.packge.package_info;
2097         c.setAttributes(tree.packge);
2098         c.flags_field |= flags;
2099         ClassType ctype = (ClassType) c.type;
2100         ctype.supertype_field = syms.objectType;
2101         ctype.interfaces_field = List.nil();
2102         createInfoClass(tree.annotations, c);
2103     }
2104     // where
2105     private boolean needPackageInfoClass(JCPackageDecl pd) {
2106         switch (pkginfoOpt) {
2107             case ALWAYS:
2108                 return true;
2109             case LEGACY:
2110                 return pd.getAnnotations().nonEmpty();
2111             case NONEMPTY:
2112                 for (Attribute.Compound a :
2113                          pd.packge.getDeclarationAttributes()) {
2114                     Attribute.RetentionPolicy p = types.getRetention(a);
2115                     if (p != Attribute.RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
2116                         return true;
2117                 }
2118                 return false;
2119         }
2120         throw new AssertionError();
2121     }
2122 
2123     public void visitModuleDef(JCModuleDecl tree) {
2124         ModuleSymbol msym = tree.sym;
2125         ClassSymbol c = msym.module_info;
2126         c.setAttributes(msym);
2127         c.flags_field |= Flags.MODULE;
2128         createInfoClass(List.nil(), tree.sym.module_info);
2129     }
2130 
2131     private void createInfoClass(List<JCAnnotation> annots, ClassSymbol c) {
2132         long flags = Flags.ABSTRACT | Flags.INTERFACE;
2133         JCClassDecl infoClass =
2134                 make.ClassDef(make.Modifiers(flags, annots),
2135                     c.name, List.nil(),
2136                     null, List.nil(), List.nil());
2137         infoClass.sym = c;
2138         translated.append(infoClass);
2139     }
2140 
2141     public void visitClassDef(JCClassDecl tree) {
2142         Env<AttrContext> prevEnv = attrEnv;
2143         ClassSymbol currentClassPrev = currentClass;
2144         MethodSymbol currentMethodSymPrev = currentMethodSym;
2145 
2146         currentClass = tree.sym;
2147         currentMethodSym = null;
2148         attrEnv = typeEnvs.remove(currentClass);
2149         if (attrEnv == null)
2150             attrEnv = prevEnv;
2151 
2152         classdefs.put(currentClass, tree);
2153 
2154         Map<Symbol, Symbol> prevProxies = proxies;
2155         proxies = new HashMap<>(proxies);
2156         List<VarSymbol> prevOuterThisStack = outerThisStack;
2157 
2158         // If this is an enum definition
2159         if ((tree.mods.flags & ENUM) != 0 &&
2160             (types.supertype(currentClass.type).tsym.flags() & ENUM) == 0)
2161             visitEnumDef(tree);
2162 
2163         if ((tree.mods.flags & RECORD) != 0) {
2164             visitRecordDef(tree);
2165         }
2166 
2167         // If this is a nested class, define a this$n field for
2168         // it and add to proxies.
2169         JCVariableDecl otdef = null;
2170         if (currentClass.hasOuterInstance())
2171             otdef = outerThisDef(tree.pos, currentClass);
2172 
2173         // If this is a local class, define proxies for all its free variables.
2174         List<JCVariableDecl> fvdefs = freevarDefs(
2175             tree.pos, freevars(currentClass), currentClass);
2176 
2177         // Recursively translate superclass, interfaces.
2178         tree.extending = translate(tree.extending);
2179         tree.implementing = translate(tree.implementing);
2180 
2181         if (currentClass.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal()) {
2182             ClassSymbol encl = currentClass.owner.enclClass();
2183             if (encl.trans_local == null) {
2184                 encl.trans_local = List.nil();
2185             }
2186             encl.trans_local = encl.trans_local.prepend(currentClass);
2187         }
2188 
2189         // Recursively translate members, taking into account that new members
2190         // might be created during the translation and prepended to the member
2191         // list `tree.defs'.
2192         List<JCTree> seen = List.nil();
2193         while (tree.defs != seen) {
2194             List<JCTree> unseen = tree.defs;
2195             for (List<JCTree> l = unseen; l.nonEmpty() && l != seen; l = l.tail) {
2196                 JCTree outermostMemberDefPrev = outermostMemberDef;
2197                 if (outermostMemberDefPrev == null) outermostMemberDef = l.head;
2198                 l.head = translate(l.head);
2199                 outermostMemberDef = outermostMemberDefPrev;
2200             }
2201             seen = unseen;
2202         }
2203 
2204         // Convert a protected modifier to public, mask static modifier.
2205         if ((tree.mods.flags & PROTECTED) != 0) tree.mods.flags |= PUBLIC;
2206         tree.mods.flags &= ClassFlags;
2207 
2208         // Convert name to flat representation, replacing '.' by '$'.
2209         tree.name = Convert.shortName(currentClass.flatName());
2210 
2211         // Add free variables proxy definitions to class.
2212 
2213         for (List<JCVariableDecl> l = fvdefs; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail) {
2214             tree.defs = tree.defs.prepend(l.head);
2215             enterSynthetic(tree.pos(), l.head.sym, currentClass.members());
2216         }
2217         // If this$n was accessed, add the field definition and prepend
2218         // initializer code to any super() invocation to initialize it
2219         // otherwise prepend enclosing instance null check code if required
2220         emitOuter:
2221         if (currentClass.hasOuterInstance()) {
2222             boolean storesThis = shouldEmitOuterThis(currentClass);
2223             if (storesThis) {
2224                 tree.defs = tree.defs.prepend(otdef);
2225                 enterSynthetic(tree.pos(), otdef.sym, currentClass.members());
2226             } else if (!nullCheckOuterThis) {
2227                 break emitOuter;
2228             }
2229 
2230             for (JCTree def : tree.defs) {
2231                 if (TreeInfo.isConstructor(def)) {
2232                     JCMethodDecl mdef = (JCMethodDecl)def;
2233                     if (TreeInfo.hasConstructorCall(mdef, names._super)) {
2234                         List<JCStatement> initializer = List.of(initOuterThis(mdef.body.pos, mdef.params.head.sym, storesThis)) ;
2235                         TreeInfo.mapSuperCalls(mdef.body, supercall -> make.Block(0, initializer.append(supercall)));
2236                     }
2237                 }
2238             }
2239         }
2240 
2241         proxies = prevProxies;
2242         outerThisStack = prevOuterThisStack;
2243 
2244         // Append translated tree to `translated' queue.
2245         translated.append(tree);
2246 
2247         attrEnv = prevEnv;
2248         currentClass = currentClassPrev;
2249         currentMethodSym = currentMethodSymPrev;
2250 
2251         // Return empty block {} as a placeholder for an inner class.
2252         result = make_at(tree.pos()).Block(SYNTHETIC, List.nil());
2253     }
2254 
2255     private boolean shouldEmitOuterThis(ClassSymbol sym) {
2256       if (!optimizeOuterThis) {
2257         // Optimization is disabled
2258         return true;
2259       }
2260       if ((outerThisStack.head.flags_field & NOOUTERTHIS) == 0)  {
2261         // Enclosing instance field is used
2262         return true;
2263       }
2264       if (rs.isSerializable(sym.type)) {
2265         // Class is serializable
2266         return true;
2267       }
2268       return false;
2269     }
2270 
2271     List<JCTree> generateMandatedAccessors(JCClassDecl tree) {
2272         List<JCVariableDecl> fields = TreeInfo.recordFields(tree);
2273         return tree.sym.getRecordComponents().stream()
2274                 .filter(rc -> (rc.accessor.flags() & Flags.GENERATED_MEMBER) != 0)
2275                 .map(rc -> {
2276                     // we need to return the field not the record component
2277                     JCVariableDecl field = fields.stream().filter(f -> f.name == rc.name).findAny().get();
2278                     make_at(tree.pos());
2279                     return make.MethodDef(rc.accessor, make.Block(0,
2280                             List.of(make.Return(make.Ident(field)))));
2281                 }).collect(List.collector());
2282     }
2283 
2284     /** Translate an enum class. */
2285     private void visitEnumDef(JCClassDecl tree) {
2286         make_at(tree.pos());
2287 
2288         // add the supertype, if needed
2289         if (tree.extending == null)
2290             tree.extending = make.Type(types.supertype(tree.type));
2291 
2292         // classOfType adds a cache field to tree.defs
2293         JCExpression e_class = classOfType(tree.sym.type, tree.pos()).
2294             setType(types.erasure(syms.classType));
2295 
2296         // process each enumeration constant, adding implicit constructor parameters
2297         int nextOrdinal = 0;
2298         ListBuffer<JCExpression> values = new ListBuffer<>();
2299         ListBuffer<JCTree> enumDefs = new ListBuffer<>();
2300         ListBuffer<JCTree> otherDefs = new ListBuffer<>();
2301         for (List<JCTree> defs = tree.defs;
2302              defs.nonEmpty();
2303              defs=defs.tail) {
2304             if (defs.head.hasTag(VARDEF) && (((JCVariableDecl) defs.head).mods.flags & ENUM) != 0) {
2305                 JCVariableDecl var = (JCVariableDecl)defs.head;
2306                 visitEnumConstantDef(var, nextOrdinal++);
2307                 values.append(make.QualIdent(var.sym));
2308                 enumDefs.append(var);
2309             } else {
2310                 otherDefs.append(defs.head);
2311             }
2312         }
2313 
2314         // synthetic private static T[] $values() { return new T[] { a, b, c }; }
2315         // synthetic private static final T[] $VALUES = $values();
2316         Name valuesName = syntheticName(tree, "VALUES");
2317         Type arrayType = new ArrayType(types.erasure(tree.type), syms.arrayClass);
2318         VarSymbol valuesVar = new VarSymbol(PRIVATE|FINAL|STATIC|SYNTHETIC,
2319                                             valuesName,
2320                                             arrayType,
2321                                             tree.type.tsym);
2322         JCNewArray newArray = make.NewArray(make.Type(types.erasure(tree.type)),
2323                                           List.nil(),
2324                                           values.toList());
2325         newArray.type = arrayType;
2326 
2327         MethodSymbol valuesMethod = new MethodSymbol(PRIVATE|STATIC|SYNTHETIC,
2328                 syntheticName(tree, "values"),
2329                 new MethodType(List.nil(), arrayType, List.nil(), tree.type.tsym),
2330                 tree.type.tsym);
2331         enumDefs.append(make.MethodDef(valuesMethod, make.Block(0, List.of(make.Return(newArray)))));
2332         tree.sym.members().enter(valuesMethod);
2333 
2334         enumDefs.append(make.VarDef(valuesVar, make.App(make.QualIdent(valuesMethod))));
2335         tree.sym.members().enter(valuesVar);
2336 
2337         MethodSymbol valuesSym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(), names.values,
2338                                         tree.type, List.nil());
2339         List<JCStatement> valuesBody;
2340         if (useClone()) {
2341             // return (T[]) $VALUES.clone();
2342             JCTypeCast valuesResult =
2343                 make.TypeCast(valuesSym.type.getReturnType(),
2344                               make.App(make.Select(make.Ident(valuesVar),
2345                                                    syms.arrayCloneMethod)));
2346             valuesBody = List.of(make.Return(valuesResult));
2347         } else {
2348             // template: T[] $result = new T[$values.length];
2349             Name resultName = syntheticName(tree, "result");
2350             VarSymbol resultVar = new VarSymbol(FINAL|SYNTHETIC,
2351                                                 resultName,
2352                                                 arrayType,
2353                                                 valuesSym);
2354             JCNewArray resultArray = make.NewArray(make.Type(types.erasure(tree.type)),
2355                                   List.of(make.Select(make.Ident(valuesVar), syms.lengthVar)),
2356                                   null);
2357             resultArray.type = arrayType;
2358             JCVariableDecl decl = make.VarDef(resultVar, resultArray);
2359 
2360             // template: System.arraycopy($VALUES, 0, $result, 0, $VALUES.length);
2361             if (systemArraycopyMethod == null) {
2362                 systemArraycopyMethod =
2363                     new MethodSymbol(PUBLIC | STATIC,
2364                                      names.fromString("arraycopy"),
2365                                      new MethodType(List.of(syms.objectType,
2366                                                             syms.intType,
2367                                                             syms.objectType,
2368                                                             syms.intType,
2369                                                             syms.intType),
2370                                                     syms.voidType,
2371                                                     List.nil(),
2372                                                     syms.methodClass),
2373                                      syms.systemType.tsym);
2374             }
2375             JCStatement copy =
2376                 make.Exec(make.App(make.Select(make.Ident(syms.systemType.tsym),
2377                                                systemArraycopyMethod),
2378                           List.of(make.Ident(valuesVar), make.Literal(0),
2379                                   make.Ident(resultVar), make.Literal(0),
2380                                   make.Select(make.Ident(valuesVar), syms.lengthVar))));
2381 
2382             // template: return $result;
2383             JCStatement ret = make.Return(make.Ident(resultVar));
2384             valuesBody = List.of(decl, copy, ret);
2385         }
2386 
2387         JCMethodDecl valuesDef =
2388              make.MethodDef(valuesSym, make.Block(0, valuesBody));
2389 
2390         enumDefs.append(valuesDef);
2391 
2392         if (debugLower)
2393             System.err.println(tree.sym + ".valuesDef = " + valuesDef);
2394 
2395         /** The template for the following code is:
2396          *
2397          *     public static E valueOf(String name) {
2398          *         return (E)Enum.valueOf(E.class, name);
2399          *     }
2400          *
2401          *  where E is tree.sym
2402          */
2403         MethodSymbol valueOfSym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
2404                          names.valueOf,
2405                          tree.sym.type,
2406                          List.of(syms.stringType));
2407         Assert.check((valueOfSym.flags() & STATIC) != 0);
2408         VarSymbol nameArgSym = valueOfSym.params.head;
2409         JCIdent nameVal = make.Ident(nameArgSym);
2410         JCStatement enum_ValueOf =
2411             make.Return(make.TypeCast(tree.sym.type,
2412                                       makeCall(make.Ident(syms.enumSym),
2413                                                names.valueOf,
2414                                                List.of(e_class, nameVal))));
2415         JCMethodDecl valueOf = make.MethodDef(valueOfSym,
2416                                            make.Block(0, List.of(enum_ValueOf)));
2417         nameVal.sym = valueOf.params.head.sym;
2418         if (debugLower)
2419             System.err.println(tree.sym + ".valueOf = " + valueOf);
2420         enumDefs.append(valueOf);
2421 
2422         enumDefs.appendList(otherDefs.toList());
2423         tree.defs = enumDefs.toList();
2424     }
2425         // where
2426         private MethodSymbol systemArraycopyMethod;
2427         private boolean useClone() {
2428             try {
2429                 return syms.objectType.tsym.members().findFirst(names.clone) != null;
2430             }
2431             catch (CompletionFailure e) {
2432                 return false;
2433             }
2434         }
2435 
2436         private Name syntheticName(JCClassDecl tree, String baseName) {
2437             Name valuesName = names.fromString(target.syntheticNameChar() + baseName);
2438             while (tree.sym.members().findFirst(valuesName) != null) // avoid name clash
2439                 valuesName = names.fromString(valuesName + "" + target.syntheticNameChar());
2440             return valuesName;
2441         }
2442 
2443     /** Translate an enumeration constant and its initializer. */
2444     private void visitEnumConstantDef(JCVariableDecl var, int ordinal) {
2445         JCNewClass varDef = (JCNewClass)var.init;
2446         varDef.args = varDef.args.
2447             prepend(makeLit(syms.intType, ordinal)).
2448             prepend(makeLit(syms.stringType, var.name.toString()));
2449     }
2450 
2451     private List<VarSymbol> recordVars(Type t) {
2452         List<VarSymbol> vars = List.nil();
2453         while (!t.hasTag(NONE)) {
2454             if (t.hasTag(CLASS)) {
2455                 for (Symbol s : t.tsym.members().getSymbols(s -> s.kind == VAR && (s.flags() & RECORD) != 0)) {
2456                     vars = vars.prepend((VarSymbol)s);
2457                 }
2458             }
2459             t = types.supertype(t);
2460         }
2461         return vars;
2462     }
2463 
2464     /** Translate a record. */
2465     private void visitRecordDef(JCClassDecl tree) {
2466         make_at(tree.pos());
2467         List<VarSymbol> vars = recordVars(tree.type);
2468         MethodHandleSymbol[] getterMethHandles = new MethodHandleSymbol[vars.size()];
2469         int index = 0;
2470         for (VarSymbol var : vars) {
2471             if (var.owner != tree.sym) {
2472                 var = new VarSymbol(var.flags_field, var.name, var.type, tree.sym);
2473             }
2474             getterMethHandles[index] = var.asMethodHandle(true);
2475             index++;
2476         }
2477 
2478         tree.defs = tree.defs.appendList(generateMandatedAccessors(tree));
2479         tree.defs = tree.defs.appendList(List.of(
2480                 generateRecordMethod(tree, names.toString, vars, getterMethHandles),
2481                 generateRecordMethod(tree, names.hashCode, vars, getterMethHandles),
2482                 generateRecordMethod(tree, names.equals, vars, getterMethHandles)
2483         ));
2484     }
2485 
2486     JCTree generateRecordMethod(JCClassDecl tree, Name name, List<VarSymbol> vars, MethodHandleSymbol[] getterMethHandles) {
2487         make_at(tree.pos());
2488         boolean isEquals = name == names.equals;
2489         MethodSymbol msym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
2490                 name,
2491                 tree.sym.type,
2492                 isEquals ? List.of(syms.objectType) : List.nil());
2493         // compiler generated methods have the record flag set, user defined ones dont
2494         if ((msym.flags() & RECORD) != 0) {
2495             /* class java.lang.runtime.ObjectMethods provides a common bootstrap that provides a customized implementation
2496              * for methods: toString, hashCode and equals. Here we just need to generate and indy call to:
2497              * java.lang.runtime.ObjectMethods::bootstrap and provide: the record class, the record component names and
2498              * the accessors.
2499              */
2500             Name bootstrapName = names.bootstrap;
2501             LoadableConstant[] staticArgsValues = new LoadableConstant[2 + getterMethHandles.length];
2502             staticArgsValues[0] = (ClassType)tree.sym.type;
2503             String concatNames = vars.stream()
2504                     .map(v -> v.name)
2505                     .collect(Collectors.joining(";", "", ""));
2506             staticArgsValues[1] = LoadableConstant.String(concatNames);
2507             int index = 2;
2508             for (MethodHandleSymbol mho : getterMethHandles) {
2509                 staticArgsValues[index] = mho;
2510                 index++;
2511             }
2512 
2513             List<Type> staticArgTypes = List.of(syms.classType,
2514                     syms.stringType,
2515                     new ArrayType(syms.methodHandleType, syms.arrayClass));
2516 
2517             JCFieldAccess qualifier = makeIndyQualifier(syms.objectMethodsType, tree, msym,
2518                     List.of(syms.methodHandleLookupType,
2519                             syms.stringType,
2520                             syms.typeDescriptorType).appendList(staticArgTypes),
2521                     staticArgsValues, bootstrapName, name, false);
2522 
2523             VarSymbol _this = new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC, names._this, tree.sym.type, tree.sym);
2524 
2525             JCMethodInvocation proxyCall;
2526             if (!isEquals) {
2527                 proxyCall = make.Apply(List.nil(), qualifier, List.of(make.Ident(_this)));
2528             } else {
2529                 VarSymbol o = msym.params.head;
2530                 o.adr = 0;
2531                 proxyCall = make.Apply(List.nil(), qualifier, List.of(make.Ident(_this), make.Ident(o)));
2532             }
2533             proxyCall.type = qualifier.type;
2534             return make.MethodDef(msym, make.Block(0, List.of(make.Return(proxyCall))));
2535         } else {
2536             return make.Block(SYNTHETIC, List.nil());
2537         }
2538     }
2539 
2540     private String argsTypeSig(List<Type> typeList) {
2541         LowerSignatureGenerator sg = new LowerSignatureGenerator();
2542         sg.assembleSig(typeList);
2543         return sg.toString();
2544     }
2545 
2546     /**
2547      * Signature Generation
2548      */
2549     private class LowerSignatureGenerator extends Types.SignatureGenerator {
2550 
2551         /**
2552          * An output buffer for type signatures.
2553          */
2554         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
2555 
2556         LowerSignatureGenerator() {
2557             types.super();
2558         }
2559 
2560         @Override
2561         protected void append(char ch) {
2562             sb.append(ch);
2563         }
2564 
2565         @Override
2566         protected void append(byte[] ba) {
2567             sb.append(new String(ba));
2568         }
2569 
2570         @Override
2571         protected void append(Name name) {
2572             sb.append(name.toString());
2573         }
2574 
2575         @Override
2576         public String toString() {
2577             return sb.toString();
2578         }
2579     }
2580 
2581     /**
2582      * Creates an indy qualifier, helpful to be part of an indy invocation
2583      * @param site                the site
2584      * @param tree                a class declaration tree
2585      * @param msym                the method symbol
2586      * @param staticArgTypes      the static argument types
2587      * @param staticArgValues     the static argument values
2588      * @param bootstrapName       the bootstrap name to look for
2589      * @param argName             normally bootstraps receives a method name as second argument, if you want that name
2590      *                            to be different to that of the bootstrap name pass a different name here
2591      * @param isStatic            is it static or not
2592      * @return                    a field access tree
2593      */
2594     JCFieldAccess makeIndyQualifier(
2595             Type site,
2596             JCClassDecl tree,
2597             MethodSymbol msym,
2598             List<Type> staticArgTypes,
2599             LoadableConstant[] staticArgValues,
2600             Name bootstrapName,
2601             Name argName,
2602             boolean isStatic) {
2603         MethodSymbol bsm = rs.resolveInternalMethod(tree.pos(), attrEnv, site,
2604                 bootstrapName, staticArgTypes, List.nil());
2605 
2606         MethodType indyType = msym.type.asMethodType();
2607         indyType = new MethodType(
2608                 isStatic ? List.nil() : indyType.argtypes.prepend(tree.sym.type),
2609                 indyType.restype,
2610                 indyType.thrown,
2611                 syms.methodClass
2612         );
2613         DynamicMethodSymbol dynSym = new DynamicMethodSymbol(argName,
2614                 syms.noSymbol,
2615                 bsm.asHandle(),
2616                 indyType,
2617                 staticArgValues);
2618         JCFieldAccess qualifier = make.Select(make.QualIdent(site.tsym), argName);
2619         qualifier.sym = dynSym;
2620         qualifier.type = msym.type.asMethodType().restype;
2621         return qualifier;
2622     }
2623 
2624     public void visitMethodDef(JCMethodDecl tree) {
2625         if (tree.name == names.init && (currentClass.flags_field&ENUM) != 0) {
2626             // Add "String $enum$name, int $enum$ordinal" to the beginning of the
2627             // argument list for each constructor of an enum.
2628             JCVariableDecl nameParam = make_at(tree.pos()).
2629                 Param(names.fromString(target.syntheticNameChar() +
2630                                        "enum" + target.syntheticNameChar() + "name"),
2631                       syms.stringType, tree.sym);
2632             nameParam.mods.flags |= SYNTHETIC; nameParam.sym.flags_field |= SYNTHETIC;
2633             JCVariableDecl ordParam = make.
2634                 Param(names.fromString(target.syntheticNameChar() +
2635                                        "enum" + target.syntheticNameChar() +
2636                                        "ordinal"),
2637                       syms.intType, tree.sym);
2638             ordParam.mods.flags |= SYNTHETIC; ordParam.sym.flags_field |= SYNTHETIC;
2639 
2640             MethodSymbol m = tree.sym;
2641             tree.params = tree.params.prepend(ordParam).prepend(nameParam);
2642 
2643             m.extraParams = m.extraParams.prepend(ordParam.sym);
2644             m.extraParams = m.extraParams.prepend(nameParam.sym);
2645             Type olderasure = m.erasure(types);
2646             m.erasure_field = new MethodType(
2647                 olderasure.getParameterTypes().prepend(syms.intType).prepend(syms.stringType),
2648                 olderasure.getReturnType(),
2649                 olderasure.getThrownTypes(),
2650                 syms.methodClass);
2651         }
2652 
2653         Type prevRestype = currentRestype;
2654         JCMethodDecl prevMethodDef = currentMethodDef;
2655         MethodSymbol prevMethodSym = currentMethodSym;
2656         int prevVariableIndex = variableIndex;
2657         try {
2658             currentRestype = types.erasure(tree.type.getReturnType());
2659             currentMethodDef = tree;
2660             currentMethodSym = tree.sym;
2661             variableIndex = 0;
2662             visitMethodDefInternal(tree);
2663         } finally {
2664             currentRestype = prevRestype;
2665             currentMethodDef = prevMethodDef;
2666             currentMethodSym = prevMethodSym;
2667             variableIndex = prevVariableIndex;
2668         }
2669     }
2670 
2671     private void visitMethodDefInternal(JCMethodDecl tree) {
2672         if (tree.name == names.init &&
2673             !currentClass.isStatic() &&
2674             (currentClass.isInner() || currentClass.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal())) {
2675             // We are seeing a constructor of an inner class.
2676             MethodSymbol m = tree.sym;
2677 
2678             // Push a new proxy scope for constructor parameters.
2679             // and create definitions for any this$n and proxy parameters.
2680             Map<Symbol, Symbol> prevProxies = proxies;
2681             proxies = new HashMap<>(proxies);
2682             List<VarSymbol> prevOuterThisStack = outerThisStack;
2683             List<VarSymbol> fvs = freevars(currentClass);
2684             JCVariableDecl otdef = null;
2685             if (currentClass.hasOuterInstance())
2686                 otdef = outerThisDef(tree.pos, m);
2687             List<JCVariableDecl> fvdefs = freevarDefs(tree.pos, fvs, m, PARAMETER);
2688 
2689             // Recursively translate result type, parameters and thrown list.
2690             tree.restype = translate(tree.restype);
2691             tree.params = translateVarDefs(tree.params);
2692             tree.thrown = translate(tree.thrown);
2693 
2694             // when compiling stubs, don't process body
2695             if (tree.body == null) {
2696                 result = tree;
2697                 return;
2698             }
2699 
2700             // Add this$n (if needed) in front of and free variables behind
2701             // constructor parameter list.
2702             tree.params = tree.params.appendList(fvdefs);
2703             if (currentClass.hasOuterInstance()) {
2704                 tree.params = tree.params.prepend(otdef);
2705             }
2706 
2707             // Determine whether this constructor has a super() invocation
2708             boolean invokesSuper = TreeInfo.hasConstructorCall(tree, names._super);
2709 
2710             // Create initializers for this$n and proxies
2711             ListBuffer<JCStatement> added = new ListBuffer<>();
2712             if (fvs.nonEmpty()) {
2713                 List<Type> addedargtypes = List.nil();
2714                 for (List<VarSymbol> l = fvs; l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail) {
2715                     m.capturedLocals =
2716                         m.capturedLocals.prepend((VarSymbol)
2717                                                 (proxies.get(l.head)));
2718                     if (invokesSuper) {
2719                         added = added.prepend(
2720                           initField(tree.body.pos, proxies.get(l.head), prevProxies.get(l.head)));
2721                     }
2722                     addedargtypes = addedargtypes.prepend(l.head.erasure(types));
2723                 }
2724                 Type olderasure = m.erasure(types);
2725                 m.erasure_field = new MethodType(
2726                     olderasure.getParameterTypes().appendList(addedargtypes),
2727                     olderasure.getReturnType(),
2728                     olderasure.getThrownTypes(),
2729                     syms.methodClass);
2730             }
2731 
2732             // Recursively translate existing local statements
2733             tree.body.stats = translate(tree.body.stats);
2734 
2735             // Prepend initializers in front of super() call
2736             if (added.nonEmpty()) {
2737                 List<JCStatement> initializers = added.toList();
2738                 TreeInfo.mapSuperCalls(tree.body, supercall -> make.Block(0, initializers.append(supercall)));
2739             }
2740 
2741             // pop local variables from proxy stack
2742             proxies = prevProxies;
2743 
2744             outerThisStack = prevOuterThisStack;
2745         } else {
2746             super.visitMethodDef(tree);
2747         }
2748         if (tree.name == names.init && ((tree.sym.flags_field & Flags.COMPACT_RECORD_CONSTRUCTOR) != 0 ||
2749                 (tree.sym.flags_field & (GENERATEDCONSTR | RECORD)) == (GENERATEDCONSTR | RECORD))) {
2750             // lets find out if there is any field waiting to be initialized
2751             ListBuffer<VarSymbol> fields = new ListBuffer<>();
2752             for (Symbol sym : currentClass.getEnclosedElements()) {
2753                 if (sym.kind == Kinds.Kind.VAR && ((sym.flags() & RECORD) != 0))
2754                     fields.append((VarSymbol) sym);
2755             }
2756             for (VarSymbol field: fields) {
2757                 if ((field.flags_field & Flags.UNINITIALIZED_FIELD) != 0) {
2758                     VarSymbol param = tree.params.stream().filter(p -> p.name == field.name).findFirst().get().sym;
2759                     make.at(tree.pos);
2760                     tree.body.stats = tree.body.stats.append(
2761                             make.Exec(
2762                                     make.Assign(
2763                                             make.Select(make.This(field.owner.erasure(types)), field),
2764                                             make.Ident(param)).setType(field.erasure(types))));
2765                     // we don't need the flag at the field anymore
2766                     field.flags_field &= ~Flags.UNINITIALIZED_FIELD;
2767                 }
2768             }
2769         }
2770         result = tree;
2771     }
2772 
2773     public void visitTypeCast(JCTypeCast tree) {
2774         tree.clazz = translate(tree.clazz);
2775         if (tree.type.isPrimitive() != tree.expr.type.isPrimitive())
2776             tree.expr = translate(tree.expr, tree.type);
2777         else
2778             tree.expr = translate(tree.expr);
2779         result = tree;
2780     }
2781 
2782     /**
2783      * All the exactness checks between primitive types that require a run-time
2784      * check are in {@code java.lang.runtime.ExactConversionsSupport}. Those methods
2785      * are in the form {@code ExactConversionsSupport.is<S>To<T>Exact} where both
2786      * {@code S} and {@code T} are primitive types and correspond to the runtime
2787      * action that will be executed to check whether a certain value (that is passed
2788      * as a parameter) can be converted to {@code T} without loss of information.
2789      *
2790      * Rewrite {@code instanceof if expr : Object} and Type is primitive type:
2791      *
2792      * {@snippet :
2793      *   Object v = ...
2794      *   if (v instanceof float)
2795      *   =>
2796      *   if (let tmp$123 = v; tmp$123 instanceof Float)
2797      * }
2798      *
2799      * Rewrite {@code instanceof if expr : wrapper reference type}
2800      *
2801      * {@snippet :
2802      *   Integer v = ...
2803      *   if (v instanceof float)
2804      *   =>
2805      *   if (let tmp$123 = v; tmp$123 != null && ExactConversionsSupport.intToFloatExact(tmp$123.intValue()))
2806      * }
2807      *
2808      * Rewrite {@code instanceof if expr : primitive}
2809      *
2810      * {@snippet :
2811      *   int v = ...
2812      *   if (v instanceof float)
2813      *   =>
2814      *   if (let tmp$123 = v; ExactConversionsSupport.intToFloatExact(tmp$123))
2815      * }
2816      *
2817      * More rewritings:
2818      * <ul>
2819      * <li>If the {@code instanceof} check is unconditionally exact rewrite to true.</li>
2820      * <li>If expression type is {@code Byte}, {@code Short}, {@code Integer}, ..., an
2821      *     unboxing conversion followed by a widening primitive conversion.</li>
2822      * <li>If expression type is a supertype: {@code Number}, a narrowing reference
2823      *     conversion followed by an unboxing conversion.</li>
2824      * </ul>
2825      */
2826     public void visitTypeTest(JCInstanceOf tree) {
2827         if (tree.expr.type.isPrimitive() || tree.pattern.type.isPrimitive()) {
2828             JCStatement prefixStatement;
2829             JCExpression exactnessCheck;
2830             JCExpression instanceOfExpr = translate(tree.expr);
2831 
2832             if (types.isUnconditionallyExactTypeBased(tree.expr.type, tree.pattern.type)) {
2833                 // instanceOfExpr; true
2834                 prefixStatement = make.Exec(instanceOfExpr);
2835                 exactnessCheck = make.Literal(BOOLEAN, 1).setType(syms.booleanType.constType(1));
2836             } else if (tree.expr.type.isPrimitive()) {
2837                 // ExactConversionSupport.isXxxExact(instanceOfExpr)
2838                 prefixStatement = null;
2839                 exactnessCheck = getExactnessCheck(tree, instanceOfExpr);
2840             } else if (tree.expr.type.isReference()) {
2841                 if (types.isUnconditionallyExactTypeBased(types.unboxedType(tree.expr.type), tree.pattern.type)) {
2842                     // instanceOfExpr != null
2843                     prefixStatement = null;
2844                     exactnessCheck = makeBinary(NE, instanceOfExpr, makeNull());
2845                 } else {
2846                     // We read the result of instanceOfExpr, so create variable
2847                     VarSymbol dollar_s = new VarSymbol(FINAL | SYNTHETIC,
2848                             names.fromString("tmp" + variableIndex++ + this.target.syntheticNameChar()),
2849                             types.erasure(tree.expr.type),
2850                             currentMethodSym);
2851                     prefixStatement = make.at(tree.pos())
2852                             .VarDef(dollar_s, instanceOfExpr);
2853 
2854                     JCExpression nullCheck =
2855                             makeBinary(NE,
2856                                     make.Ident(dollar_s),
2857                                     makeNull());
2858 
2859                     if (types.unboxedType(tree.expr.type).isPrimitive()) {
2860                         exactnessCheck =
2861                             makeBinary(AND,
2862                                 nullCheck,
2863                                 getExactnessCheck(tree, boxIfNeeded(make.Ident(dollar_s), types.unboxedType(tree.expr.type))));
2864                     } else {
2865                         exactnessCheck =
2866                             makeBinary(AND,
2867                                 nullCheck,
2868                                 make.at(tree.pos())
2869                                     .TypeTest(make.Ident(dollar_s), make.Type(types.boxedClass(tree.pattern.type).type))
2870                                     .setType(syms.booleanType));
2871                     }
2872                 }
2873             } else {
2874                 throw Assert.error("Non primitive or reference type: " + tree.expr.type);
2875             }
2876             result = (prefixStatement == null ? exactnessCheck : make.LetExpr(List.of(prefixStatement), exactnessCheck))
2877                     .setType(syms.booleanType);
2878         } else {
2879             tree.expr = translate(tree.expr);
2880             tree.pattern = translate(tree.pattern);
2881             result = tree;
2882         }
2883     }
2884 
2885     // TypePairs should be in sync with the corresponding record in SwitchBootstraps
2886     record TypePairs(TypeSymbol from, TypeSymbol to) {
2887         public static TypePairs of(Symtab syms, Type from, Type to) {
2888             if (from == syms.byteType || from == syms.shortType || from == syms.charType) {
2889                 from = syms.intType;
2890             }
2891             return new TypePairs(from, to);
2892         }
2893 
2894         public TypePairs(Type from, Type to) {
2895             this(from.tsym, to.tsym);
2896         }
2897 
2898         public static HashMap<TypePairs, String> initialize(Symtab syms) {
2899             HashMap<TypePairs, String> typePairToName = new HashMap<>();
2900             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.byteType,   syms.charType),   "isIntToCharExact");      // redirected
2901             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.shortType,  syms.byteType),   "isIntToByteExact");      // redirected
2902             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.shortType,  syms.charType),   "isIntToCharExact");      // redirected
2903             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.charType,   syms.byteType),   "isIntToByteExact");      // redirected
2904             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.charType,   syms.shortType),  "isIntToShortExact");     // redirected
2905             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.intType,    syms.byteType),   "isIntToByteExact");
2906             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.intType,    syms.shortType),  "isIntToShortExact");
2907             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.intType,    syms.charType),   "isIntToCharExact");
2908             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.intType,    syms.floatType),  "isIntToFloatExact");
2909             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.longType,   syms.byteType),   "isLongToByteExact");
2910             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.longType,   syms.shortType),  "isLongToShortExact");
2911             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.longType,   syms.charType),   "isLongToCharExact");
2912             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.longType,   syms.intType),    "isLongToIntExact");
2913             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.longType,   syms.floatType),  "isLongToFloatExact");
2914             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.longType,   syms.doubleType), "isLongToDoubleExact");
2915             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.floatType,  syms.byteType),   "isFloatToByteExact");
2916             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.floatType,  syms.shortType),  "isFloatToShortExact");
2917             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.floatType,  syms.charType),   "isFloatToCharExact");
2918             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.floatType,  syms.intType),    "isFloatToIntExact");
2919             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.floatType,  syms.longType),   "isFloatToLongExact");
2920             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.doubleType, syms.byteType),   "isDoubleToByteExact");
2921             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.doubleType, syms.shortType),  "isDoubleToShortExact");
2922             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.doubleType, syms.charType),   "isDoubleToCharExact");
2923             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.doubleType, syms.intType),    "isDoubleToIntExact");
2924             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.doubleType, syms.longType),   "isDoubleToLongExact");
2925             typePairToName.put(new TypePairs(syms.doubleType, syms.floatType),  "isDoubleToFloatExact");
2926             return typePairToName;
2927         }
2928     }
2929 
2930     private JCExpression getExactnessCheck(JCInstanceOf tree, JCExpression argument) {
2931         TypePairs pair = TypePairs.of(syms, types.unboxedTypeOrType(tree.expr.type), tree.pattern.type);
2932 
2933         Name exactnessFunction = names.fromString(typePairToName.get(pair));
2934 
2935         // Resolve the exactness method
2936         Symbol ecsym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
2937                 exactnessFunction,
2938                 syms.exactConversionsSupportType,
2939                 List.of(pair.from.type));
2940 
2941         // Generate the method call ExactnessChecks.<exactness method>(<argument>);
2942         JCFieldAccess select = make.Select(
2943                 make.QualIdent(syms.exactConversionsSupportType.tsym),
2944                 exactnessFunction);
2945         select.sym = ecsym;
2946         select.setType(syms.booleanType);
2947 
2948         JCExpression exactnessCheck = make.Apply(List.nil(),
2949                 select,
2950                 List.of(argument));
2951         exactnessCheck.setType(syms.booleanType);
2952         return exactnessCheck;
2953     }
2954 
2955     public void visitNewClass(JCNewClass tree) {
2956         ClassSymbol c = (ClassSymbol)tree.constructor.owner;
2957 
2958         // Box arguments, if necessary
2959         boolean isEnum = (tree.constructor.owner.flags() & ENUM) != 0;
2960         List<Type> argTypes = tree.constructor.type.getParameterTypes();
2961         if (isEnum) argTypes = argTypes.prepend(syms.intType).prepend(syms.stringType);
2962         tree.args = boxArgs(argTypes, tree.args, tree.varargsElement);
2963         tree.varargsElement = null;
2964 
2965         // If created class is local, add free variables after
2966         // explicit constructor arguments.
2967         if (c.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal() && !c.isStatic()) {
2968             tree.args = tree.args.appendList(loadFreevars(tree.pos(), freevars(c)));
2969         }
2970 
2971         // If an access constructor is used, append null as a last argument.
2972         Symbol constructor = accessConstructor(tree.pos(), tree.constructor);
2973         if (constructor != tree.constructor) {
2974             tree.args = tree.args.append(makeNull());
2975             tree.constructor = constructor;
2976         }
2977 
2978         // If created class has an outer instance, and new is qualified, pass
2979         // qualifier as first argument. If new is not qualified, pass the
2980         // correct outer instance as first argument.
2981         if (c.hasOuterInstance()) {
2982             JCExpression thisArg;
2983             if (tree.encl != null) {
2984                 thisArg = attr.makeNullCheck(translate(tree.encl));
2985                 thisArg.type = tree.encl.type;
2986             } else if (c.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal()) {
2987                 // local class
2988                 thisArg = makeThis(tree.pos(), c.innermostAccessibleEnclosingClass());
2989             } else {
2990                 // nested class
2991                 thisArg = makeOwnerThis(tree.pos(), c, false);
2992             }
2993             tree.args = tree.args.prepend(thisArg);
2994         }
2995         tree.encl = null;
2996 
2997         // If we have an anonymous class, create its flat version, rather
2998         // than the class or interface following new.
2999         if (tree.def != null) {
3000             translate(tree.def);
3001 
3002             tree.clazz = access(make_at(tree.clazz.pos()).Ident(tree.def.sym));
3003             tree.def = null;
3004         } else {
3005             tree.clazz = access(c, tree.clazz, enclOp, false);
3006         }
3007         result = tree;
3008     }
3009 
3010     // Simplify conditionals with known constant controlling expressions.
3011     // This allows us to avoid generating supporting declarations for
3012     // the dead code, which will not be eliminated during code generation.
3013     // Note that Flow.isFalse and Flow.isTrue only return true
3014     // for constant expressions in the sense of JLS 15.27, which
3015     // are guaranteed to have no side-effects.  More aggressive
3016     // constant propagation would require that we take care to
3017     // preserve possible side-effects in the condition expression.
3018 
3019     // One common case is equality expressions involving a constant and null.
3020     // Since null is not a constant expression (because null cannot be
3021     // represented in the constant pool), equality checks involving null are
3022     // not captured by Flow.isTrue/isFalse.
3023     // Equality checks involving a constant and null, e.g.
3024     //     "" == null
3025     // are safe to simplify as no side-effects can occur.
3026 
3027     private boolean isTrue(JCTree exp) {
3028         if (exp.type.isTrue())
3029             return true;
3030         Boolean b = expValue(exp);
3031         return b == null ? false : b;
3032     }
3033     private boolean isFalse(JCTree exp) {
3034         if (exp.type.isFalse())
3035             return true;
3036         Boolean b = expValue(exp);
3037         return b == null ? false : !b;
3038     }
3039     /* look for (in)equality relations involving null.
3040      * return true - if expression is always true
3041      *       false - if expression is always false
3042      *        null - if expression cannot be eliminated
3043      */
3044     private Boolean expValue(JCTree exp) {
3045         while (exp.hasTag(PARENS))
3046             exp = ((JCParens)exp).expr;
3047 
3048         boolean eq;
3049         switch (exp.getTag()) {
3050         case EQ: eq = true;  break;
3051         case NE: eq = false; break;
3052         default:
3053             return null;
3054         }
3055 
3056         // we have a JCBinary(EQ|NE)
3057         // check if we have two literals (constants or null)
3058         JCBinary b = (JCBinary)exp;
3059         if (b.lhs.type.hasTag(BOT)) return expValueIsNull(eq, b.rhs);
3060         if (b.rhs.type.hasTag(BOT)) return expValueIsNull(eq, b.lhs);
3061         return null;
3062     }
3063     private Boolean expValueIsNull(boolean eq, JCTree t) {
3064         if (t.type.hasTag(BOT)) return Boolean.valueOf(eq);
3065         if (t.hasTag(LITERAL))  return Boolean.valueOf(!eq);
3066         return null;
3067     }
3068 
3069     /** Visitor method for conditional expressions.
3070      */
3071     @Override
3072     public void visitConditional(JCConditional tree) {
3073         JCTree cond = tree.cond = translate(tree.cond, syms.booleanType);
3074         if (isTrue(cond) && noClassDefIn(tree.falsepart)) {
3075             result = convert(translate(tree.truepart, tree.type), tree.type);
3076             addPrunedInfo(cond);
3077         } else if (isFalse(cond) && noClassDefIn(tree.truepart)) {
3078             result = convert(translate(tree.falsepart, tree.type), tree.type);
3079             addPrunedInfo(cond);
3080         } else {
3081             // Condition is not a compile-time constant.
3082             tree.truepart = translate(tree.truepart, tree.type);
3083             tree.falsepart = translate(tree.falsepart, tree.type);
3084             result = tree;
3085         }
3086     }
3087 //where
3088     private JCExpression convert(JCExpression tree, Type pt) {
3089         if (tree.type == pt || tree.type.hasTag(BOT))
3090             return tree;
3091         JCExpression result = make_at(tree.pos()).TypeCast(make.Type(pt), tree);
3092         result.type = (tree.type.constValue() != null) ? cfolder.coerce(tree.type, pt)
3093                                                        : pt;
3094         return result;
3095     }
3096 
3097     /** Visitor method for if statements.
3098      */
3099     public void visitIf(JCIf tree) {
3100         JCTree cond = tree.cond = translate(tree.cond, syms.booleanType);
3101         if (isTrue(cond) && noClassDefIn(tree.elsepart)) {
3102             result = translate(tree.thenpart);
3103             addPrunedInfo(cond);
3104         } else if (isFalse(cond) && noClassDefIn(tree.thenpart)) {
3105             if (tree.elsepart != null) {
3106                 result = translate(tree.elsepart);
3107             } else {
3108                 result = make.Skip();
3109             }
3110             addPrunedInfo(cond);
3111         } else {
3112             // Condition is not a compile-time constant.
3113             tree.thenpart = translate(tree.thenpart);
3114             tree.elsepart = translate(tree.elsepart);
3115             result = tree;
3116         }
3117     }
3118 
3119     /** Visitor method for assert statements. Translate them away.
3120      */
3121     public void visitAssert(JCAssert tree) {
3122         tree.cond = translate(tree.cond, syms.booleanType);
3123         if (!tree.cond.type.isTrue()) {
3124             JCExpression cond = assertFlagTest(tree.pos());
3125             List<JCExpression> exnArgs = (tree.detail == null) ?
3126                 List.nil() : List.of(translate(tree.detail));
3127             if (!tree.cond.type.isFalse()) {
3128                 cond = makeBinary
3129                     (AND,
3130                      cond,
3131                      makeUnary(NOT, tree.cond));
3132             }
3133             result =
3134                 make.If(cond,
3135                         make_at(tree).
3136                            Throw(makeNewClass(syms.assertionErrorType, exnArgs)),
3137                         null);
3138         } else {
3139             result = make.Skip();
3140         }
3141     }
3142 
3143     public void visitApply(JCMethodInvocation tree) {
3144         Symbol meth = TreeInfo.symbol(tree.meth);
3145         List<Type> argtypes = meth.type.getParameterTypes();
3146         if (meth.name == names.init && meth.owner == syms.enumSym)
3147             argtypes = argtypes.tail.tail;
3148         tree.args = boxArgs(argtypes, tree.args, tree.varargsElement);
3149         tree.varargsElement = null;
3150         Name methName = TreeInfo.name(tree.meth);
3151         if (meth.name==names.init) {
3152             // We are seeing a this(...) or super(...) constructor call.
3153             // If an access constructor is used, append null as a last argument.
3154             Symbol constructor = accessConstructor(tree.pos(), meth);
3155             if (constructor != meth) {
3156                 tree.args = tree.args.append(makeNull());
3157                 TreeInfo.setSymbol(tree.meth, constructor);
3158             }
3159 
3160             // If we are calling a constructor of a local class, add
3161             // free variables after explicit constructor arguments.
3162             ClassSymbol c = (ClassSymbol)constructor.owner;
3163             if (c.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal() && !c.isStatic()) {
3164                 tree.args = tree.args.appendList(loadFreevars(tree.pos(), freevars(c)));
3165             }
3166 
3167             // If we are calling a constructor of an enum class, pass
3168             // along the name and ordinal arguments
3169             if ((c.flags_field&ENUM) != 0 || c.getQualifiedName() == names.java_lang_Enum) {
3170                 List<JCVariableDecl> params = currentMethodDef.params;
3171                 if (currentMethodSym.owner.hasOuterInstance())
3172                     params = params.tail; // drop this$n
3173                 tree.args = tree.args
3174                     .prepend(make_at(tree.pos()).Ident(params.tail.head.sym)) // ordinal
3175                     .prepend(make.Ident(params.head.sym)); // name
3176             }
3177 
3178             // If we are calling a constructor of a class with an outer
3179             // instance, and the call
3180             // is qualified, pass qualifier as first argument in front of
3181             // the explicit constructor arguments. If the call
3182             // is not qualified, pass the correct outer instance as
3183             // first argument. If we are a static class, there is no
3184             // such outer instance, so generate an error.
3185             if (c.hasOuterInstance()) {
3186                 JCExpression thisArg;
3187                 if (tree.meth.hasTag(SELECT)) {
3188                     thisArg = attr.
3189                         makeNullCheck(translate(((JCFieldAccess) tree.meth).selected));
3190                     tree.meth = make.Ident(constructor);
3191                     ((JCIdent) tree.meth).name = methName;
3192                 } else if (c.isDirectlyOrIndirectlyLocal() || methName == names._this){
3193                     // local class or this() call
3194                     thisArg = makeThis(tree.meth.pos(), c.innermostAccessibleEnclosingClass());
3195                 } else if (currentClass.isStatic()) {
3196                     // super() call from static nested class - invalid
3197                     log.error(tree.pos(),
3198                         Errors.NoEnclInstanceOfTypeInScope(c.type.getEnclosingType().tsym));
3199                     thisArg = make.Literal(BOT, null).setType(syms.botType);
3200                 } else {
3201                     // super() call of nested class - never pick 'this'
3202                     thisArg = makeOwnerThisN(tree.meth.pos(), c, false);
3203                 }
3204                 tree.args = tree.args.prepend(thisArg);
3205             }
3206         } else {
3207             // We are seeing a normal method invocation; translate this as usual.
3208             tree.meth = translate(tree.meth);
3209 
3210             // If the translated method itself is an Apply tree, we are
3211             // seeing an access method invocation. In this case, append
3212             // the method arguments to the arguments of the access method.
3213             if (tree.meth.hasTag(APPLY)) {
3214                 JCMethodInvocation app = (JCMethodInvocation)tree.meth;
3215                 app.args = tree.args.prependList(app.args);
3216                 result = app;
3217                 return;
3218             }
3219         }
3220         if (tree.args.stream().anyMatch(c -> c == null)) {
3221             throw new AssertionError("Whooops before: " + tree);
3222         }
3223         result = tree;
3224     }
3225 
3226     List<JCExpression> boxArgs(List<Type> parameters, List<JCExpression> _args, Type varargsElement) {
3227         List<JCExpression> args = _args;
3228         if (parameters.isEmpty()) return args;
3229         boolean anyChanges = false;
3230         ListBuffer<JCExpression> result = new ListBuffer<>();
3231         while (parameters.tail.nonEmpty()) {
3232             JCExpression arg = translate(args.head, parameters.head);
3233             anyChanges |= (arg != args.head);
3234             result.append(arg);
3235             args = args.tail;
3236             parameters = parameters.tail;
3237         }
3238         Type parameter = parameters.head;
3239         if (varargsElement != null) {
3240             anyChanges = true;
3241             ListBuffer<JCExpression> elems = new ListBuffer<>();
3242             while (args.nonEmpty()) {
3243                 JCExpression arg = translate(args.head, varargsElement);
3244                 elems.append(arg);
3245                 args = args.tail;
3246             }
3247             JCNewArray boxedArgs = make.NewArray(make.Type(varargsElement),
3248                                                List.nil(),
3249                                                elems.toList());
3250             boxedArgs.type = new ArrayType(varargsElement, syms.arrayClass);
3251             result.append(boxedArgs);
3252         } else {
3253             if (args.length() != 1) throw new AssertionError(args);
3254             JCExpression arg = translate(args.head, parameter);
3255             anyChanges |= (arg != args.head);
3256             result.append(arg);
3257             if (!anyChanges) return _args;
3258         }
3259         return result.toList();
3260     }
3261 
3262     /** Expand a boxing or unboxing conversion if needed. */
3263     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // XXX unchecked
3264     <T extends JCExpression> T boxIfNeeded(T tree, Type type) {
3265         Assert.check(!type.hasTag(VOID));
3266         if (type.hasTag(NONE))
3267             return tree;
3268         boolean havePrimitive = tree.type.isPrimitive();
3269         if (havePrimitive == type.isPrimitive())
3270             return tree;
3271         if (havePrimitive) {
3272             Type unboxedTarget = types.unboxedType(type);
3273             if (!unboxedTarget.hasTag(NONE)) {
3274                 if (!types.isSubtype(tree.type, unboxedTarget)) //e.g. Character c = 89;
3275                     tree.type = unboxedTarget.constType(tree.type.constValue());
3276                 return (T)boxPrimitive(tree, types.erasure(type));
3277             } else {
3278                 tree = (T)boxPrimitive(tree);
3279             }
3280         } else {
3281             tree = (T)unbox(tree, type);
3282         }
3283         return tree;
3284     }
3285 
3286     /** Box up a single primitive expression. */
3287     JCExpression boxPrimitive(JCExpression tree) {
3288         return boxPrimitive(tree, types.boxedClass(tree.type).type);
3289     }
3290 
3291     /** Box up a single primitive expression. */
3292     JCExpression boxPrimitive(JCExpression tree, Type box) {
3293         make_at(tree.pos());
3294         Symbol valueOfSym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
3295                                          names.valueOf,
3296                                          box,
3297                                          List.<Type>nil()
3298                                          .prepend(tree.type));
3299         return make.App(make.QualIdent(valueOfSym), List.of(tree));
3300     }
3301 
3302     /** Unbox an object to a primitive value. */
3303     JCExpression unbox(JCExpression tree, Type primitive) {
3304         Type unboxedType = types.unboxedType(tree.type);
3305         if (unboxedType.hasTag(NONE)) {
3306             unboxedType = primitive;
3307             if (!unboxedType.isPrimitive())
3308                 throw new AssertionError(unboxedType);
3309             make_at(tree.pos());
3310             tree = make.TypeCast(types.boxedClass(unboxedType).type, tree);
3311         } else {
3312             // There must be a conversion from unboxedType to primitive.
3313             if (!types.isSubtype(unboxedType, primitive))
3314                 throw new AssertionError(tree);
3315         }
3316         make_at(tree.pos());
3317         Symbol valueSym = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
3318                                        unboxedType.tsym.name.append(names.Value), // x.intValue()
3319                                        tree.type,
3320                                        List.nil());
3321         return make.App(make.Select(tree, valueSym));
3322     }
3323 
3324     /** Visitor method for parenthesized expressions.
3325      *  If the subexpression has changed, omit the parens.
3326      */
3327     public void visitParens(JCParens tree) {
3328         JCTree expr = translate(tree.expr);
3329         result = ((expr == tree.expr) ? tree : expr);
3330     }
3331 
3332     public void visitIndexed(JCArrayAccess tree) {
3333         tree.indexed = translate(tree.indexed);
3334         tree.index = translate(tree.index, syms.intType);
3335         result = tree;
3336     }
3337 
3338     public void visitAssign(JCAssign tree) {
3339         tree.lhs = translate(tree.lhs, tree);
3340         tree.rhs = translate(tree.rhs, tree.lhs.type);
3341 
3342         // If translated left hand side is an Apply, we are
3343         // seeing an access method invocation. In this case, append
3344         // right hand side as last argument of the access method.
3345         if (tree.lhs.hasTag(APPLY)) {
3346             JCMethodInvocation app = (JCMethodInvocation)tree.lhs;
3347             app.args = List.of(tree.rhs).prependList(app.args);
3348             result = app;
3349         } else {
3350             result = tree;
3351         }
3352     }
3353 
3354     public void visitAssignop(final JCAssignOp tree) {
3355         final boolean boxingReq = !tree.lhs.type.isPrimitive() &&
3356             tree.operator.type.getReturnType().isPrimitive();
3357 
3358         AssignopDependencyScanner depScanner = new AssignopDependencyScanner(tree);
3359         depScanner.scan(tree.rhs);
3360 
3361         if (boxingReq || depScanner.dependencyFound) {
3362             // boxing required; need to rewrite as x = (unbox typeof x)(x op y);
3363             // or if x == (typeof x)z then z = (unbox typeof x)((typeof x)z op y)
3364             // (but without recomputing x)
3365             JCTree newTree = abstractLval(tree.lhs, lhs -> {
3366                 Tag newTag = tree.getTag().noAssignOp();
3367                 // Erasure (TransTypes) can change the type of
3368                 // tree.lhs.  However, we can still get the
3369                 // unerased type of tree.lhs as it is stored
3370                 // in tree.type in Attr.
3371                 OperatorSymbol newOperator = operators.resolveBinary(tree,
3372                                                               newTag,
3373                                                               tree.type,
3374                                                               tree.rhs.type);
3375                 //Need to use the "lhs" at two places, once on the future left hand side
3376                 //and once in the future binary operator. But further processing may change
3377                 //the components of the tree in place (see visitSelect for e.g. <Class>.super.<ident>),
3378                 //so cloning the tree to avoid interference between the uses:
3379                 JCExpression expr = (JCExpression) lhs.clone();
3380                 if (expr.type != tree.type)
3381                     expr = make.TypeCast(tree.type, expr);
3382                 JCBinary opResult = make.Binary(newTag, expr, tree.rhs);
3383                 opResult.operator = newOperator;
3384                 opResult.type = newOperator.type.getReturnType();
3385                 JCExpression newRhs = boxingReq ?
3386                     make.TypeCast(types.unboxedType(tree.type), opResult) :
3387                     opResult;
3388                 return make.Assign(lhs, newRhs).setType(tree.type);
3389             });
3390             result = translate(newTree);
3391             return;
3392         }
3393         tree.lhs = translate(tree.lhs, tree);
3394         tree.rhs = translate(tree.rhs, tree.operator.type.getParameterTypes().tail.head);
3395 
3396         // If translated left hand side is an Apply, we are
3397         // seeing an access method invocation. In this case, append
3398         // right hand side as last argument of the access method.
3399         if (tree.lhs.hasTag(APPLY)) {
3400             JCMethodInvocation app = (JCMethodInvocation)tree.lhs;
3401             // if operation is a += on strings,
3402             // make sure to convert argument to string
3403             JCExpression rhs = tree.operator.opcode == string_add
3404               ? makeString(tree.rhs)
3405               : tree.rhs;
3406             app.args = List.of(rhs).prependList(app.args);
3407             result = app;
3408         } else {
3409             result = tree;
3410         }
3411     }
3412 
3413     class AssignopDependencyScanner extends TreeScanner {
3414 
3415         Symbol sym;
3416         boolean dependencyFound = false;
3417 
3418         AssignopDependencyScanner(JCAssignOp tree) {
3419             this.sym = TreeInfo.symbol(tree.lhs);
3420         }
3421 
3422         @Override
3423         public void scan(JCTree tree) {
3424             if (tree != null && sym != null) {
3425                 tree.accept(this);
3426             }
3427         }
3428 
3429         @Override
3430         public void visitAssignop(JCAssignOp tree) {
3431             if (TreeInfo.symbol(tree.lhs) == sym) {
3432                 dependencyFound = true;
3433                 return;
3434             }
3435             super.visitAssignop(tree);
3436         }
3437 
3438         @Override
3439         public void visitUnary(JCUnary tree) {
3440             if (TreeInfo.symbol(tree.arg) == sym) {
3441                 dependencyFound = true;
3442                 return;
3443             }
3444             super.visitUnary(tree);
3445         }
3446     }
3447 
3448     /** Lower a tree of the form e++ or e-- where e is an object type */
3449     JCExpression lowerBoxedPostop(final JCUnary tree) {
3450         // translate to tmp1=lval(e); tmp2=tmp1; tmp1 OP 1; tmp2
3451         // or
3452         // translate to tmp1=lval(e); tmp2=tmp1; (typeof tree)tmp1 OP 1; tmp2
3453         // where OP is += or -=
3454         final boolean cast = TreeInfo.skipParens(tree.arg).hasTag(TYPECAST);
3455         return abstractLval(tree.arg, tmp1 -> abstractRval(tmp1, tree.arg.type, tmp2 -> {
3456             Tag opcode = (tree.hasTag(POSTINC))
3457                 ? PLUS_ASG : MINUS_ASG;
3458             //"tmp1" and "tmp2" may refer to the same instance
3459             //(for e.g. <Class>.super.<ident>). But further processing may
3460             //change the components of the tree in place (see visitSelect),
3461             //so cloning the tree to avoid interference between the two uses:
3462             JCExpression lhs = (JCExpression)tmp1.clone();
3463             lhs = cast
3464                 ? make.TypeCast(tree.arg.type, lhs)
3465                 : lhs;
3466             JCExpression update = makeAssignop(opcode,
3467                                          lhs,
3468                                          make.Literal(1));
3469             return makeComma(update, tmp2);
3470         }));
3471     }
3472 
3473     public void visitUnary(JCUnary tree) {
3474         boolean isUpdateOperator = tree.getTag().isIncOrDecUnaryOp();
3475         if (isUpdateOperator && !tree.arg.type.isPrimitive()) {
3476             switch(tree.getTag()) {
3477             case PREINC:            // ++ e
3478                     // translate to e += 1
3479             case PREDEC:            // -- e
3480                     // translate to e -= 1
3481                 {
3482                     JCTree.Tag opcode = (tree.hasTag(PREINC))
3483                         ? PLUS_ASG : MINUS_ASG;
3484                     JCAssignOp newTree = makeAssignop(opcode,
3485                                                     tree.arg,
3486                                                     make.Literal(1));
3487                     result = translate(newTree, tree.type);
3488                     return;
3489                 }
3490             case POSTINC:           // e ++
3491             case POSTDEC:           // e --
3492                 {
3493                     result = translate(lowerBoxedPostop(tree), tree.type);
3494                     return;
3495                 }
3496             }
3497             throw new AssertionError(tree);
3498         }
3499 
3500         tree.arg = boxIfNeeded(translate(tree.arg, tree), tree.type);
3501 
3502         if (tree.hasTag(NOT) && tree.arg.type.constValue() != null) {
3503             tree.type = cfolder.fold1(bool_not, tree.arg.type);
3504         }
3505 
3506         // If translated left hand side is an Apply, we are
3507         // seeing an access method invocation. In this case, return
3508         // that access method invocation as result.
3509         if (isUpdateOperator && tree.arg.hasTag(APPLY)) {
3510             result = tree.arg;
3511         } else {
3512             result = tree;
3513         }
3514     }
3515 
3516     public void visitBinary(JCBinary tree) {
3517         List<Type> formals = tree.operator.type.getParameterTypes();
3518         JCTree lhs = tree.lhs = translate(tree.lhs, formals.head);
3519         switch (tree.getTag()) {
3520         case OR:
3521             if (isTrue(lhs)) {
3522                 result = lhs;
3523                 return;
3524             }
3525             if (isFalse(lhs)) {
3526                 result = translate(tree.rhs, formals.tail.head);
3527                 return;
3528             }
3529             break;
3530         case AND:
3531             if (isFalse(lhs)) {
3532                 result = lhs;
3533                 return;
3534             }
3535             if (isTrue(lhs)) {
3536                 result = translate(tree.rhs, formals.tail.head);
3537                 return;
3538             }
3539             break;
3540         }
3541         tree.rhs = translate(tree.rhs, formals.tail.head);
3542         result = tree;
3543     }
3544 
3545     public void visitIdent(JCIdent tree) {
3546         result = access(tree.sym, tree, enclOp, false);
3547     }
3548 
3549     /** Translate away the foreach loop.  */
3550     public void visitForeachLoop(JCEnhancedForLoop tree) {
3551         if (types.elemtype(tree.expr.type) == null)
3552             visitIterableForeachLoop(tree);
3553         else
3554             visitArrayForeachLoop(tree);
3555     }
3556         // where
3557         /**
3558          * A statement of the form
3559          *
3560          * <pre>
3561          *     for ( T v : arrayexpr ) stmt;
3562          * </pre>
3563          *
3564          * (where arrayexpr is of an array type) gets translated to
3565          *
3566          * <pre>{@code
3567          *     for ( { arraytype #arr = arrayexpr;
3568          *             int #len = array.length;
3569          *             int #i = 0; };
3570          *           #i < #len; i$++ ) {
3571          *         T v = arr$[#i];
3572          *         stmt;
3573          *     }
3574          * }</pre>
3575          *
3576          * where #arr, #len, and #i are freshly named synthetic local variables.
3577          */
3578         private void visitArrayForeachLoop(JCEnhancedForLoop tree) {
3579             make_at(tree.expr.pos());
3580             VarSymbol arraycache = new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC,
3581                                                  names.fromString("arr" + target.syntheticNameChar()),
3582                                                  tree.expr.type,
3583                                                  currentMethodSym);
3584             JCStatement arraycachedef = make.VarDef(arraycache, tree.expr);
3585             VarSymbol lencache = new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC,
3586                                                names.fromString("len" + target.syntheticNameChar()),
3587                                                syms.intType,
3588                                                currentMethodSym);
3589             JCStatement lencachedef = make.
3590                 VarDef(lencache, make.Select(make.Ident(arraycache), syms.lengthVar));
3591             VarSymbol index = new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC,
3592                                             names.fromString("i" + target.syntheticNameChar()),
3593                                             syms.intType,
3594                                             currentMethodSym);
3595 
3596             JCVariableDecl indexdef = make.VarDef(index, make.Literal(INT, 0));
3597             indexdef.init.type = indexdef.type = syms.intType.constType(0);
3598 
3599             List<JCStatement> loopinit = List.of(arraycachedef, lencachedef, indexdef);
3600             JCBinary cond = makeBinary(LT, make.Ident(index), make.Ident(lencache));
3601 
3602             JCExpressionStatement step = make.Exec(makeUnary(PREINC, make.Ident(index)));
3603 
3604             Type elemtype = types.elemtype(tree.expr.type);
3605             JCExpression loopvarinit = make.Indexed(make.Ident(arraycache),
3606                                                     make.Ident(index)).setType(elemtype);
3607             JCVariableDecl loopvardef = (JCVariableDecl)make.VarDef(tree.var.mods,
3608                                                   tree.var.name,
3609                                                   tree.var.vartype,
3610                                                   loopvarinit).setType(tree.var.type);
3611             loopvardef.sym = tree.var.sym;
3612             JCBlock body = make.
3613                 Block(0, List.of(loopvardef, tree.body));
3614 
3615             result = translate(make.
3616                                ForLoop(loopinit,
3617                                        cond,
3618                                        List.of(step),
3619                                        body));
3620             patchTargets(body, tree, result);
3621         }
3622         /** Patch up break and continue targets. */
3623         private void patchTargets(JCTree body, final JCTree src, final JCTree dest) {
3624             class Patcher extends TreeScanner {
3625                 public void visitBreak(JCBreak tree) {
3626                     if (tree.target == src)
3627                         tree.target = dest;
3628                 }
3629                 public void visitYield(JCYield tree) {
3630                     if (tree.target == src)
3631                         tree.target = dest;
3632                     scan(tree.value);
3633                 }
3634                 public void visitContinue(JCContinue tree) {
3635                     if (tree.target == src)
3636                         tree.target = dest;
3637                 }
3638                 public void visitClassDef(JCClassDecl tree) {}
3639             }
3640             new Patcher().scan(body);
3641         }
3642         /**
3643          * A statement of the form
3644          *
3645          * <pre>
3646          *     for ( T v : coll ) stmt ;
3647          * </pre>
3648          *
3649          * (where coll implements {@code Iterable<? extends T>}) gets translated to
3650          *
3651          * <pre>{@code
3652          *     for ( Iterator<? extends T> #i = coll.iterator(); #i.hasNext(); ) {
3653          *         T v = (T) #i.next();
3654          *         stmt;
3655          *     }
3656          * }</pre>
3657          *
3658          * where #i is a freshly named synthetic local variable.
3659          */
3660         private void visitIterableForeachLoop(JCEnhancedForLoop tree) {
3661             make_at(tree.expr.pos());
3662             Type iteratorTarget = syms.objectType;
3663             Type iterableType = types.asSuper(types.cvarUpperBound(tree.expr.type),
3664                                               syms.iterableType.tsym);
3665             if (iterableType.getTypeArguments().nonEmpty())
3666                 iteratorTarget = types.erasure(iterableType.getTypeArguments().head);
3667             tree.expr.type = types.erasure(types.skipTypeVars(tree.expr.type, false));
3668             tree.expr = transTypes.coerce(attrEnv, tree.expr, types.erasure(iterableType));
3669             Symbol iterator = lookupMethod(tree.expr.pos(),
3670                                            names.iterator,
3671                                            tree.expr.type,
3672                                            List.nil());
3673             Assert.check(types.isSameType(types.erasure(types.asSuper(iterator.type.getReturnType(), syms.iteratorType.tsym)), types.erasure(syms.iteratorType)));
3674             VarSymbol itvar = new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC, names.fromString("i" + target.syntheticNameChar()),
3675                                             types.erasure(syms.iteratorType),
3676                                             currentMethodSym);
3677 
3678              JCStatement init = make.
3679                 VarDef(itvar, make.App(make.Select(tree.expr, iterator)
3680                      .setType(types.erasure(iterator.type))));
3681 
3682             Symbol hasNext = lookupMethod(tree.expr.pos(),
3683                                           names.hasNext,
3684                                           itvar.type,
3685                                           List.nil());
3686             JCMethodInvocation cond = make.App(make.Select(make.Ident(itvar), hasNext));
3687             Symbol next = lookupMethod(tree.expr.pos(),
3688                                        names.next,
3689                                        itvar.type,
3690                                        List.nil());
3691             JCExpression vardefinit = make.App(make.Select(make.Ident(itvar), next));
3692             if (tree.var.type.isPrimitive())
3693                 vardefinit = make.TypeCast(types.cvarUpperBound(iteratorTarget), vardefinit);
3694             else
3695                 vardefinit = make.TypeCast(tree.var.type, vardefinit);
3696             JCVariableDecl indexDef = (JCVariableDecl)make.VarDef(tree.var.mods,
3697                                                   tree.var.name,
3698                                                   tree.var.vartype,
3699                                                   vardefinit).setType(tree.var.type);
3700             indexDef.sym = tree.var.sym;
3701             JCBlock body = make.Block(0, List.of(indexDef, tree.body));
3702             body.bracePos = TreeInfo.endPos(tree.body);
3703             result = translate(make.
3704                 ForLoop(List.of(init),
3705                         cond,
3706                         List.nil(),
3707                         body));
3708             patchTargets(body, tree, result);
3709         }
3710 
3711     public void visitVarDef(JCVariableDecl tree) {
3712         MethodSymbol oldMethodSym = currentMethodSym;
3713         int prevVariableIndex = variableIndex;
3714         tree.mods = translate(tree.mods);
3715         tree.vartype = translate(tree.vartype);
3716         if (currentMethodSym == null) {
3717             // A class or instance field initializer.
3718             currentMethodSym =
3719                 new MethodSymbol((tree.mods.flags&STATIC) | BLOCK,
3720                                  names.empty, null,
3721                                  currentClass);
3722         }
3723         try {
3724             if (tree.init != null) tree.init = translate(tree.init, tree.type);
3725             result = tree;
3726         } finally {
3727             currentMethodSym = oldMethodSym;
3728             variableIndex = prevVariableIndex;
3729         }
3730     }
3731 
3732     public void visitBlock(JCBlock tree) {
3733         MethodSymbol oldMethodSym = currentMethodSym;
3734         if (currentMethodSym == null) {
3735             // Block is a static or instance initializer.
3736             currentMethodSym =
3737                 new MethodSymbol(tree.flags | BLOCK,
3738                                  names.empty, null,
3739                                  currentClass);
3740         }
3741         int prevVariableIndex = variableIndex;
3742         try {
3743             variableIndex = 0;
3744             super.visitBlock(tree);
3745         } finally {
3746             currentMethodSym = oldMethodSym;
3747             variableIndex = prevVariableIndex;
3748         }
3749     }
3750 
3751     public void visitDoLoop(JCDoWhileLoop tree) {
3752         tree.body = translate(tree.body);
3753         tree.cond = translate(tree.cond, syms.booleanType);
3754         result = tree;
3755     }
3756 
3757     public void visitWhileLoop(JCWhileLoop tree) {
3758         tree.cond = translate(tree.cond, syms.booleanType);
3759         tree.body = translate(tree.body);
3760         result = tree;
3761     }
3762 
3763     public void visitForLoop(JCForLoop tree) {
3764         tree.init = translate(tree.init);
3765         if (tree.cond != null)
3766             tree.cond = translate(tree.cond, syms.booleanType);
3767         tree.step = translate(tree.step);
3768         tree.body = translate(tree.body);
3769         result = tree;
3770     }
3771 
3772     public void visitReturn(JCReturn tree) {
3773         if (tree.expr != null)
3774             tree.expr = translate(tree.expr,
3775                                   currentRestype);
3776         result = tree;
3777     }
3778 
3779     @Override
3780     public void visitLambda(JCLambda tree) {
3781         Type prevRestype = currentRestype;
3782         try {
3783             currentRestype = types.erasure(tree.getDescriptorType(types)).getReturnType();
3784             // represent void results as NO_TYPE, to avoid unnecessary boxing in boxIfNeeded
3785             if (currentRestype.hasTag(VOID))
3786                 currentRestype = Type.noType;
3787             tree.body = tree.getBodyKind() == BodyKind.EXPRESSION ?
3788                     translate((JCExpression) tree.body, currentRestype) :
3789                     translate(tree.body);
3790         } finally {
3791             currentRestype = prevRestype;
3792         }
3793         result = tree;
3794     }
3795 
3796     public void visitSwitch(JCSwitch tree) {
3797         List<JCCase> cases = tree.patternSwitch ? addDefaultIfNeeded(tree.patternSwitch,
3798                                                                      tree.wasEnumSelector,
3799                                                                      tree.cases)
3800                                                 : tree.cases;
3801         handleSwitch(tree, tree.selector, cases);
3802     }
3803 
3804     @Override
3805     public void visitSwitchExpression(JCSwitchExpression tree) {
3806         List<JCCase> cases = addDefaultIfNeeded(tree.patternSwitch, tree.wasEnumSelector, tree.cases);
3807         handleSwitch(tree, tree.selector, cases);
3808     }
3809 
3810     private List<JCCase> addDefaultIfNeeded(boolean patternSwitch, boolean wasEnumSelector,
3811                                             List<JCCase> cases) {
3812         if (cases.stream().flatMap(c -> c.labels.stream()).noneMatch(p -> p.hasTag(Tag.DEFAULTCASELABEL))) {
3813             boolean matchException = useMatchException;
3814             matchException |= patternSwitch && !wasEnumSelector;
3815             Type exception = matchException ? syms.matchExceptionType
3816                                             : syms.incompatibleClassChangeErrorType;
3817             List<JCExpression> params = matchException ? List.of(makeNull(), makeNull())
3818                                                        : List.nil();
3819             JCThrow thr = make.Throw(makeNewClass(exception, params));
3820             JCCase c = make.Case(JCCase.STATEMENT, List.of(make.DefaultCaseLabel()), null, List.of(thr), null);
3821             cases = cases.prepend(c);
3822         }
3823 
3824         return cases;
3825     }
3826 
3827     private void handleSwitch(JCTree tree, JCExpression selector, List<JCCase> cases) {
3828         //expand multiple label cases:
3829         ListBuffer<JCCase> convertedCases = new ListBuffer<>();
3830 
3831         for (JCCase c : cases) {
3832             switch (c.labels.size()) {
3833                 case 0: //default
3834                 case 1: //single label
3835                     convertedCases.append(c);
3836                     break;
3837                 default: //multiple labels, expand:
3838                     //case C1, C2, C3: ...
3839                     //=>
3840                     //case C1:
3841                     //case C2:
3842                     //case C3: ...
3843                     List<JCCaseLabel> patterns = c.labels;
3844                     while (patterns.tail.nonEmpty()) {
3845                         convertedCases.append(make_at(c.pos()).Case(JCCase.STATEMENT,
3846                                                            List.of(patterns.head),
3847                                                            null,
3848                                                            List.nil(),
3849                                                            null));
3850                         patterns = patterns.tail;
3851                     }
3852                     c.labels = patterns;
3853                     convertedCases.append(c);
3854                     break;
3855             }
3856         }
3857 
3858         for (JCCase c : convertedCases) {
3859             if (c.caseKind == JCCase.RULE && c.completesNormally) {
3860                 JCBreak b = make.at(TreeInfo.endPos(c.stats.last())).Break(null);
3861                 b.target = tree;
3862                 c.stats = c.stats.append(b);
3863             }
3864         }
3865 
3866         cases = convertedCases.toList();
3867 
3868         Type selsuper = types.supertype(selector.type);
3869         boolean enumSwitch = selsuper != null &&
3870             (selector.type.tsym.flags() & ENUM) != 0;
3871         boolean stringSwitch = selsuper != null &&
3872             types.isSameType(selector.type, syms.stringType);
3873         boolean boxedSwitch = !enumSwitch && !stringSwitch && !selector.type.isPrimitive();
3874         selector = translate(selector, selector.type);
3875         cases = translateCases(cases);
3876         if (tree.hasTag(SWITCH)) {
3877             ((JCSwitch) tree).selector = selector;
3878             ((JCSwitch) tree).cases = cases;
3879         } else if (tree.hasTag(SWITCH_EXPRESSION)) {
3880             ((JCSwitchExpression) tree).selector = selector;
3881             ((JCSwitchExpression) tree).cases = cases;
3882         } else {
3883             Assert.error();
3884         }
3885         if (enumSwitch) {
3886             result = visitEnumSwitch(tree, selector, cases);
3887         } else if (stringSwitch) {
3888             result = visitStringSwitch(tree, selector, cases);
3889         } else if (boxedSwitch) {
3890             //An switch over boxed primitive. Pattern matching switches are already translated
3891             //by TransPatterns, so all non-primitive types are only boxed primitives:
3892             result = visitBoxedPrimitiveSwitch(tree, selector, cases);
3893         } else {
3894             result = tree;
3895         }
3896     }
3897 
3898     public JCTree visitEnumSwitch(JCTree tree, JCExpression selector, List<JCCase> cases) {
3899         TypeSymbol enumSym = selector.type.tsym;
3900         EnumMapping map = mapForEnum(tree.pos(), enumSym);
3901         make_at(tree.pos());
3902         Symbol ordinalMethod = lookupMethod(tree.pos(),
3903                                             names.ordinal,
3904                                             selector.type,
3905                                             List.nil());
3906         JCExpression newSelector;
3907 
3908         if (cases.stream().anyMatch(c -> TreeInfo.isNullCaseLabel(c.labels.head))) {
3909             //for enum switches with case null, do:
3910             //switch ($selector != null ? $mapVar[$selector.ordinal()] : -1) {...}
3911             //replacing case null with case -1:
3912             VarSymbol dollar_s = new VarSymbol(FINAL|SYNTHETIC,
3913                                                names.fromString("s" + variableIndex++ + this.target.syntheticNameChar()),
3914                                                selector.type,
3915                                                currentMethodSym);
3916             JCStatement var = make.at(tree.pos()).VarDef(dollar_s, selector).setType(dollar_s.type);
3917             newSelector = map.switchValue(
3918                     make.App(make.Select(make.Ident(dollar_s),
3919                             ordinalMethod)));
3920             newSelector =
3921                     make.LetExpr(List.of(var),
3922                                  make.Conditional(makeBinary(NE, make.Ident(dollar_s), makeNull()),
3923                                                   newSelector,
3924                                                   makeLit(syms.intType, -1))
3925                                      .setType(newSelector.type))
3926                         .setType(newSelector.type);
3927         } else {
3928             newSelector = map.switchValue(
3929                     make.App(make.Select(selector,
3930                             ordinalMethod)));
3931         }
3932         ListBuffer<JCCase> newCases = new ListBuffer<>();
3933         for (JCCase c : cases) {
3934             if (c.labels.head.hasTag(CONSTANTCASELABEL)) {
3935                 JCExpression pat;
3936                 if (TreeInfo.isNullCaseLabel(c.labels.head)) {
3937                     pat = makeLit(syms.intType, -1);
3938                 } else {
3939                     VarSymbol label = (VarSymbol)TreeInfo.symbol(((JCConstantCaseLabel) c.labels.head).expr);
3940                     pat = map.caseValue(label);
3941                 }
3942                 newCases.append(make.Case(JCCase.STATEMENT, List.of(make.ConstantCaseLabel(pat)), null, c.stats, null));
3943             } else {
3944                 newCases.append(c);
3945             }
3946         }
3947         JCTree enumSwitch;
3948         if (tree.hasTag(SWITCH)) {
3949             enumSwitch = make.Switch(newSelector, newCases.toList());
3950         } else if (tree.hasTag(SWITCH_EXPRESSION)) {
3951             enumSwitch = make.SwitchExpression(newSelector, newCases.toList());
3952             enumSwitch.setType(tree.type);
3953         } else {
3954             Assert.error();
3955             throw new AssertionError();
3956         }
3957         patchTargets(enumSwitch, tree, enumSwitch);
3958         return enumSwitch;
3959     }
3960 
3961     public JCTree visitStringSwitch(JCTree tree, JCExpression selector, List<JCCase> caseList) {
3962         int alternatives = caseList.size();
3963 
3964         if (alternatives == 0) { // Strange but legal possibility (only legal for switch statement)
3965             return make.at(tree.pos()).Exec(attr.makeNullCheck(selector));
3966         } else {
3967             /*
3968              * The general approach used is to translate a single
3969              * string switch statement into a series of two chained
3970              * switch statements: the first a synthesized statement
3971              * switching on the argument string's hash value and
3972              * computing a string's position in the list of original
3973              * case labels, if any, followed by a second switch on the
3974              * computed integer value.  The second switch has the same
3975              * code structure as the original string switch statement
3976              * except that the string case labels are replaced with
3977              * positional integer constants starting at 0.
3978              *
3979              * The first switch statement can be thought of as an
3980              * inlined map from strings to their position in the case
3981              * label list.  An alternate implementation would use an
3982              * actual Map for this purpose, as done for enum switches.
3983              *
3984              * With some additional effort, it would be possible to
3985              * use a single switch statement on the hash code of the
3986              * argument, but care would need to be taken to preserve
3987              * the proper control flow in the presence of hash
3988              * collisions and other complications, such as
3989              * fallthroughs.  Switch statements with one or two
3990              * alternatives could also be specially translated into
3991              * if-then statements to omit the computation of the hash
3992              * code.
3993              *
3994              * The generated code assumes that the hashing algorithm
3995              * of String is the same in the compilation environment as
3996              * in the environment the code will run in.  The string
3997              * hashing algorithm in the SE JDK has been unchanged
3998              * since at least JDK 1.2.  Since the algorithm has been
3999              * specified since that release as well, it is very
4000              * unlikely to be changed in the future.
4001              *
4002              * Different hashing algorithms, such as the length of the
4003              * strings or a perfect hashing algorithm over the
4004              * particular set of case labels, could potentially be
4005              * used instead of String.hashCode.
4006              */
4007 
4008             ListBuffer<JCStatement> stmtList = new ListBuffer<>();
4009 
4010             // Map from String case labels to their original position in
4011             // the list of case labels.
4012             Map<String, Integer> caseLabelToPosition = new LinkedHashMap<>(alternatives + 1, 1.0f);
4013 
4014             // Map of hash codes to the string case labels having that hashCode.
4015             Map<Integer, Set<String>> hashToString = new LinkedHashMap<>(alternatives + 1, 1.0f);
4016 
4017             int casePosition = 0;
4018             JCCase nullCase = null;
4019             int nullCaseLabel = -1;
4020 
4021             for(JCCase oneCase : caseList) {
4022                 if (oneCase.labels.head.hasTag(CONSTANTCASELABEL)) {
4023                     if (TreeInfo.isNullCaseLabel(oneCase.labels.head)) {
4024                         nullCase = oneCase;
4025                         nullCaseLabel = casePosition;
4026                     } else {
4027                         JCExpression expression = ((JCConstantCaseLabel) oneCase.labels.head).expr;
4028                         String labelExpr = (String) expression.type.constValue();
4029                         Integer mapping = caseLabelToPosition.put(labelExpr, casePosition);
4030                         Assert.checkNull(mapping);
4031                         int hashCode = labelExpr.hashCode();
4032 
4033                         Set<String> stringSet = hashToString.get(hashCode);
4034                         if (stringSet == null) {
4035                             stringSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(1, 1.0f);
4036                             stringSet.add(labelExpr);
4037                             hashToString.put(hashCode, stringSet);
4038                         } else {
4039                             boolean added = stringSet.add(labelExpr);
4040                             Assert.check(added);
4041                         }
4042                     }
4043                 }
4044                 casePosition++;
4045             }
4046 
4047             // Synthesize a switch statement that has the effect of
4048             // mapping from a string to the integer position of that
4049             // string in the list of case labels.  This is done by
4050             // switching on the hashCode of the string followed by an
4051             // if-then-else chain comparing the input for equality
4052             // with all the case labels having that hash value.
4053 
4054             /*
4055              * s$ = top of stack;
4056              * tmp$ = -1;
4057              * switch($s.hashCode()) {
4058              *     case caseLabel.hashCode:
4059              *         if (s$.equals("caseLabel_1")
4060              *           tmp$ = caseLabelToPosition("caseLabel_1");
4061              *         else if (s$.equals("caseLabel_2"))
4062              *           tmp$ = caseLabelToPosition("caseLabel_2");
4063              *         ...
4064              *         break;
4065              * ...
4066              * }
4067              */
4068 
4069             VarSymbol dollar_s = new VarSymbol(FINAL|SYNTHETIC,
4070                                                names.fromString("s" + variableIndex++ + target.syntheticNameChar()),
4071                                                syms.stringType,
4072                                                currentMethodSym);
4073             stmtList.append(make.at(tree.pos()).VarDef(dollar_s, selector).setType(dollar_s.type));
4074 
4075             VarSymbol dollar_tmp = new VarSymbol(SYNTHETIC,
4076                                                  names.fromString("tmp" + variableIndex++ + target.syntheticNameChar()),
4077                                                  syms.intType,
4078                                                  currentMethodSym);
4079             JCVariableDecl dollar_tmp_def =
4080                 (JCVariableDecl)make.VarDef(dollar_tmp, make.Literal(INT, -1)).setType(dollar_tmp.type);
4081             dollar_tmp_def.init.type = dollar_tmp.type = syms.intType;
4082             stmtList.append(dollar_tmp_def);
4083             ListBuffer<JCCase> caseBuffer = new ListBuffer<>();
4084             // hashCode will trigger nullcheck on original switch expression
4085             JCMethodInvocation hashCodeCall = makeCall(make.Ident(dollar_s),
4086                                                        names.hashCode,
4087                                                        List.nil()).setType(syms.intType);
4088             JCSwitch switch1 = make.Switch(hashCodeCall,
4089                                         caseBuffer.toList());
4090             for(Map.Entry<Integer, Set<String>> entry : hashToString.entrySet()) {
4091                 int hashCode = entry.getKey();
4092                 Set<String> stringsWithHashCode = entry.getValue();
4093                 Assert.check(stringsWithHashCode.size() >= 1);
4094 
4095                 JCStatement elsepart = null;
4096                 for(String caseLabel : stringsWithHashCode ) {
4097                     JCMethodInvocation stringEqualsCall = makeCall(make.Ident(dollar_s),
4098                                                                    names.equals,
4099                                                                    List.of(make.Literal(caseLabel)));
4100                     elsepart = make.If(stringEqualsCall,
4101                                        make.Exec(make.Assign(make.Ident(dollar_tmp),
4102                                                              make.Literal(caseLabelToPosition.get(caseLabel))).
4103                                                  setType(dollar_tmp.type)),
4104                                        elsepart);
4105                 }
4106 
4107                 ListBuffer<JCStatement> lb = new ListBuffer<>();
4108                 JCBreak breakStmt = make.Break(null);
4109                 breakStmt.target = switch1;
4110                 lb.append(elsepart).append(breakStmt);
4111 
4112                 caseBuffer.append(make.Case(JCCase.STATEMENT,
4113                                             List.of(make.ConstantCaseLabel(make.Literal(hashCode))),
4114                                             null,
4115                                             lb.toList(),
4116                                             null));
4117             }
4118 
4119             switch1.cases = caseBuffer.toList();
4120 
4121             if (nullCase != null) {
4122                 stmtList.append(make.If(makeBinary(NE, make.Ident(dollar_s), makeNull()), switch1, make.Exec(make.Assign(make.Ident(dollar_tmp),
4123                                                              make.Literal(nullCaseLabel)).
4124                                                  setType(dollar_tmp.type))).setType(syms.intType));
4125             } else {
4126                 stmtList.append(switch1);
4127             }
4128 
4129             // Make isomorphic switch tree replacing string labels
4130             // with corresponding integer ones from the label to
4131             // position map.
4132 
4133             ListBuffer<JCCase> lb = new ListBuffer<>();
4134             for(JCCase oneCase : caseList ) {
4135                 boolean isDefault = !oneCase.labels.head.hasTag(CONSTANTCASELABEL);
4136                 JCExpression caseExpr;
4137                 if (isDefault)
4138                     caseExpr = null;
4139                 else if (oneCase == nullCase) {
4140                     caseExpr = make.Literal(nullCaseLabel);
4141                 } else {
4142                     JCExpression expression = ((JCConstantCaseLabel) oneCase.labels.head).expr;
4143                     String name = (String) TreeInfo.skipParens(expression)
4144                                                    .type.constValue();
4145                     caseExpr = make.Literal(caseLabelToPosition.get(name));
4146                 }
4147 
4148                 lb.append(make.Case(JCCase.STATEMENT, caseExpr == null ? List.of(make.DefaultCaseLabel())
4149                                                                        : List.of(make.ConstantCaseLabel(caseExpr)),
4150                                     null,
4151                                     oneCase.stats, null));
4152             }
4153 
4154             if (tree.hasTag(SWITCH)) {
4155                 JCSwitch switch2 = make.Switch(make.Ident(dollar_tmp), lb.toList());
4156                 // Rewire up old unlabeled break statements to the
4157                 // replacement switch being created.
4158                 patchTargets(switch2, tree, switch2);
4159 
4160                 stmtList.append(switch2);
4161 
4162                 JCBlock res = make.Block(0L, stmtList.toList());
4163                 res.bracePos = TreeInfo.endPos(tree);
4164                 return res;
4165             } else {
4166                 JCSwitchExpression switch2 = make.SwitchExpression(make.Ident(dollar_tmp), lb.toList());
4167 
4168                 // Rewire up old unlabeled break statements to the
4169                 // replacement switch being created.
4170                 patchTargets(switch2, tree, switch2);
4171 
4172                 switch2.setType(tree.type);
4173 
4174                 LetExpr res = make.LetExpr(stmtList.toList(), switch2);
4175 
4176                 res.needsCond = true;
4177                 res.setType(tree.type);
4178 
4179                 return res;
4180             }
4181         }
4182     }
4183 
4184     private JCTree visitBoxedPrimitiveSwitch(JCTree tree, JCExpression selector, List<JCCase> cases) {
4185         JCExpression newSelector;
4186 
4187         if (cases.stream().anyMatch(c -> TreeInfo.isNullCaseLabel(c.labels.head))) {
4188             //a switch over a boxed primitive, with a null case. Pick two constants that are
4189             //not used by any branch in the case (c1 and c2), close to other constants that are
4190             //used in the switch. Then do:
4191             //switch ($selector != null ? $selector != c1 ? $selector : c2 : c1) {...}
4192             //replacing case null with case c1
4193             Set<Integer> constants = new LinkedHashSet<>();
4194             JCCase nullCase = null;
4195 
4196             for (JCCase c : cases) {
4197                 if (TreeInfo.isNullCaseLabel(c.labels.head)) {
4198                     nullCase = c;
4199                 } else if (!c.labels.head.hasTag(DEFAULTCASELABEL)) {
4200                     constants.add((int) ((JCConstantCaseLabel) c.labels.head).expr.type.constValue());
4201                 }
4202             }
4203 
4204             Assert.checkNonNull(nullCase);
4205 
4206             int nullValue = constants.isEmpty() ? 0 : constants.iterator().next();
4207 
4208             while (constants.contains(nullValue)) nullValue++;
4209 
4210             constants.add(nullValue);
4211             nullCase.labels.head = make.ConstantCaseLabel(makeLit(syms.intType, nullValue));
4212 
4213             int replacementValue = nullValue;
4214 
4215             while (constants.contains(replacementValue)) replacementValue++;
4216 
4217             VarSymbol dollar_s = new VarSymbol(FINAL|SYNTHETIC,
4218                                                names.fromString("s" + variableIndex++ + this.target.syntheticNameChar()),
4219                                                selector.type,
4220                                                currentMethodSym);
4221             JCStatement var = make.at(tree.pos()).VarDef(dollar_s, selector).setType(dollar_s.type);
4222             JCExpression nullValueReplacement =
4223                     make.Conditional(makeBinary(NE,
4224                                                  unbox(make.Ident(dollar_s), syms.intType),
4225                                                  makeLit(syms.intType, nullValue)),
4226                                      unbox(make.Ident(dollar_s), syms.intType),
4227                                      makeLit(syms.intType, replacementValue))
4228                         .setType(syms.intType);
4229             JCExpression nullCheck =
4230                     make.Conditional(makeBinary(NE, make.Ident(dollar_s), makeNull()),
4231                                      nullValueReplacement,
4232                                      makeLit(syms.intType, nullValue))
4233                         .setType(syms.intType);
4234             newSelector = make.LetExpr(List.of(var), nullCheck).setType(syms.intType);
4235         } else {
4236             newSelector = unbox(selector, syms.intType);
4237         }
4238 
4239         if (tree.hasTag(SWITCH)) {
4240             ((JCSwitch) tree).selector = newSelector;
4241         } else {
4242             ((JCSwitchExpression) tree).selector = newSelector;
4243         }
4244 
4245         return tree;
4246     }
4247 
4248     @Override
4249     public void visitBreak(JCBreak tree) {
4250         result = tree;
4251     }
4252 
4253     @Override
4254     public void visitYield(JCYield tree) {
4255         tree.value = translate(tree.value, tree.target.type);
4256         result = tree;
4257     }
4258 
4259     public void visitNewArray(JCNewArray tree) {
4260         tree.elemtype = translate(tree.elemtype);
4261         for (List<JCExpression> t = tree.dims; t.tail != null; t = t.tail)
4262             if (t.head != null) t.head = translate(t.head, syms.intType);
4263         tree.elems = translate(tree.elems, types.elemtype(tree.type));
4264         result = tree;
4265     }
4266 
4267     public void visitSelect(JCFieldAccess tree) {
4268         // need to special case-access of the form C.super.x
4269         // these will always need an access method, unless C
4270         // is a default interface subclassed by the current class.
4271         boolean qualifiedSuperAccess =
4272             tree.selected.hasTag(SELECT) &&
4273             TreeInfo.name(tree.selected) == names._super &&
4274             !types.isDirectSuperInterface(((JCFieldAccess)tree.selected).selected.type.tsym, currentClass);
4275         tree.selected = translate(tree.selected);
4276         if (tree.name == names._class && tree.selected.type.isPrimitiveOrVoid()) {
4277             result = classOf(tree.selected);
4278         }
4279         else if (tree.name == names._super &&
4280                 types.isDirectSuperInterface(tree.selected.type.tsym, currentClass)) {
4281             //default super call!! Not a classic qualified super call
4282             TypeSymbol supSym = tree.selected.type.tsym;
4283             Assert.checkNonNull(types.asSuper(currentClass.type, supSym));
4284             result = tree;
4285         }
4286         else if (tree.name == names._this || tree.name == names._super) {
4287             result = makeThis(tree.pos(), tree.selected.type.tsym);
4288         }
4289         else
4290             result = access(tree.sym, tree, enclOp, qualifiedSuperAccess);
4291     }
4292 
4293     public void visitLetExpr(LetExpr tree) {
4294         tree.defs = translate(tree.defs);
4295         tree.expr = translate(tree.expr, tree.type);
4296         result = tree;
4297     }
4298 
4299     // There ought to be nothing to rewrite here;
4300     // we don't generate code.
4301     public void visitAnnotation(JCAnnotation tree) {
4302         result = tree;
4303     }
4304 
4305     @Override
4306     public void visitTry(JCTry tree) {
4307         if (tree.resources.nonEmpty()) {
4308             result = makeTwrTry(tree);
4309             return;
4310         }
4311 
4312         boolean hasBody = tree.body.getStatements().nonEmpty();
4313         boolean hasCatchers = tree.catchers.nonEmpty();
4314         boolean hasFinally = tree.finalizer != null &&
4315                 tree.finalizer.getStatements().nonEmpty();
4316 
4317         if (!hasCatchers && !hasFinally) {
4318             result = translate(tree.body);
4319             return;
4320         }
4321 
4322         if (!hasBody) {
4323             if (hasFinally) {
4324                 result = translate(tree.finalizer);
4325             } else {
4326                 result = translate(tree.body);
4327             }
4328             return;
4329         }
4330 
4331         // no optimizations possible
4332         super.visitTry(tree);
4333     }
4334 
4335 /* ************************************************************************
4336  * main method
4337  *************************************************************************/
4338 
4339     /** Translate a toplevel class and return a list consisting of
4340      *  the translated class and translated versions of all inner classes.
4341      *  @param env   The attribution environment current at the class definition.
4342      *               We need this for resolving some additional symbols.
4343      *  @param cdef  The tree representing the class definition.
4344      */
4345     public List<JCTree> translateTopLevelClass(Env<AttrContext> env, JCTree cdef, TreeMaker make) {
4346         ListBuffer<JCTree> translated = null;
4347         try {
4348             attrEnv = env;
4349             this.make = make;
4350             currentClass = null;
4351             currentRestype = null;
4352             currentMethodDef = null;
4353             outermostClassDef = (cdef.hasTag(CLASSDEF)) ? (JCClassDecl)cdef : null;
4354             outermostMemberDef = null;
4355             this.translated = new ListBuffer<>();
4356             classdefs = new HashMap<>();
4357             actualSymbols = new HashMap<>();
4358             freevarCache = new HashMap<>();
4359             proxies = new HashMap<>();
4360             twrVars = WriteableScope.create(syms.noSymbol);
4361             outerThisStack = List.nil();
4362             accessNums = new HashMap<>();
4363             accessSyms = new HashMap<>();
4364             accessConstrs = new HashMap<>();
4365             accessConstrTags = List.nil();
4366             accessed = new ListBuffer<>();
4367             translate(cdef, (JCExpression)null);
4368             for (List<Symbol> l = accessed.toList(); l.nonEmpty(); l = l.tail)
4369                 makeAccessible(l.head);
4370             for (EnumMapping map : enumSwitchMap.values())
4371                 map.translate();
4372             checkConflicts(this.translated.toList());
4373             checkAccessConstructorTags();
4374             translated = this.translated;
4375         } finally {
4376             // note that recursive invocations of this method fail hard
4377             attrEnv = null;
4378             this.make = null;
4379             currentClass = null;
4380             currentRestype = null;
4381             currentMethodDef = null;
4382             outermostClassDef = null;
4383             outermostMemberDef = null;
4384             this.translated = null;
4385             classdefs = null;
4386             actualSymbols = null;
4387             freevarCache = null;
4388             proxies = null;
4389             outerThisStack = null;
4390             accessNums = null;
4391             accessSyms = null;
4392             accessConstrs = null;
4393             accessConstrTags = null;
4394             accessed = null;
4395             enumSwitchMap.clear();
4396             assertionsDisabledClassCache = null;
4397         }
4398         return translated.toList();
4399     }
4400 
4401     // needed for the lambda deserialization method, which is expressed as a big switch on strings
4402     public JCMethodDecl translateMethod(Env<AttrContext> env, JCMethodDecl methodDecl, TreeMaker make) {
4403         try {
4404             this.attrEnv = env;
4405             this.make = make;
4406             this.currentClass = methodDecl.sym.enclClass();
4407             proxies = new HashMap<>();
4408             return translate(methodDecl);
4409         } finally {
4410             this.attrEnv = null;
4411             this.make = null;
4412             this.currentClass = null;
4413             // the two fields below are set when visiting the method
4414             this.currentMethodSym = null;
4415             this.currentMethodDef = null;
4416             this.proxies = null;
4417         }
4418     }
4419 }