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src/hotspot/share/gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.cpp

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*** 1,8 ***
  /*
   * Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
!  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2019, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   *
   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation.
--- 1,9 ---
  /*
   * Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
!  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2020, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   *
   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation.

*** 22,16 ***
--- 23,23 ---
   * questions.
   *
   */
  
  #include "precompiled.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shared/cardTable.hpp"
  #include "gc/shared/space.inline.hpp"
  #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCardTable.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionSet.inline.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMarkingContext.inline.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGeneration.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahScanRemembered.inline.hpp"
  #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  #include "memory/universe.hpp"

*** 42,10 ***
--- 50,11 ---
  #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  #include "runtime/os.hpp"
  #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
  
+ 
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionCount = 0;
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytes = 0;
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWords = 0;
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytesShift = 0;
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWordsShift = 0;

*** 60,17 ***
    _index(index),
    _bottom(start),
    _end(start + RegionSizeWords),
    _new_top(nullptr),
    _empty_time(os::elapsedTime()),
    _state(committed ? _empty_committed : _empty_uncommitted),
    _top(start),
    _tlab_allocs(0),
    _gclab_allocs(0),
    _live_data(0),
    _critical_pins(0),
!   _update_watermark(start) {
  
    assert(Universe::on_page_boundary(_bottom) && Universe::on_page_boundary(_end),
           "invalid space boundaries");
    if (ZapUnusedHeapArea && committed) {
      SpaceMangler::mangle_region(MemRegion(_bottom, _end));
--- 69,24 ---
    _index(index),
    _bottom(start),
    _end(start + RegionSizeWords),
    _new_top(nullptr),
    _empty_time(os::elapsedTime()),
+   _top_before_promoted(nullptr),
    _state(committed ? _empty_committed : _empty_uncommitted),
    _top(start),
    _tlab_allocs(0),
    _gclab_allocs(0),
+   _plab_allocs(0),
    _live_data(0),
    _critical_pins(0),
!   _update_watermark(start),
+   _age(0)
+ #ifdef SHENANDOAH_CENSUS_NOISE
+   , _youth(0)
+ #endif // SHENANDOAH_CENSUS_NOISE
+   {
  
    assert(Universe::on_page_boundary(_bottom) && Universe::on_page_boundary(_end),
           "invalid space boundaries");
    if (ZapUnusedHeapArea && committed) {
      SpaceMangler::mangle_region(MemRegion(_bottom, _end));

*** 82,31 ***
    ss.print("Illegal region state transition from \"%s\", at %s\n  ", region_state_to_string(_state), method);
    print_on(&ss);
    fatal("%s", ss.freeze());
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_regular_allocation() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
! 
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_uncommitted:
        do_commit();
      case _empty_committed:
        set_state(_regular);
      case _regular:
      case _pinned:
        return;
      default:
        report_illegal_transition("regular allocation");
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_regular_bypass() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_full_gc_in_progress() || ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_degenerated_gc_in_progress(),
            "only for full or degen GC");
! 
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_uncommitted:
        do_commit();
      case _empty_committed:
      case _cset:
--- 98,59 ---
    ss.print("Illegal region state transition from \"%s\", at %s\n  ", region_state_to_string(_state), method);
    print_on(&ss);
    fatal("%s", ss.freeze());
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_regular_allocation(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
!   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_uncommitted:
        do_commit();
      case _empty_committed:
+       assert(this->affiliation() == affiliation, "Region affiliation should already be established");
        set_state(_regular);
      case _regular:
      case _pinned:
        return;
      default:
        report_illegal_transition("regular allocation");
    }
  }
  
+ // Change affiliation to YOUNG_GENERATION if _state is not _pinned_cset, _regular, or _pinned.  This implements
+ // behavior previously performed as a side effect of make_regular_bypass().
+ void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_young_maybe() {
+   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   switch (_state) {
+    case _empty_uncommitted:
+    case _empty_committed:
+    case _cset:
+    case _humongous_start:
+    case _humongous_cont:
+      if (affiliation() != YOUNG_GENERATION) {
+        if (is_old()) {
+          ShenandoahHeap::heap()->old_generation()->decrement_affiliated_region_count();
+        }
+        set_affiliation(YOUNG_GENERATION);
+        ShenandoahHeap::heap()->young_generation()->increment_affiliated_region_count();
+      }
+      return;
+    case _pinned_cset:
+    case _regular:
+    case _pinned:
+      return;
+    default:
+      assert(false, "Unexpected _state in make_young_maybe");
+   }
+ }
+ 
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_regular_bypass() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_full_gc_in_progress() || ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_degenerated_gc_in_progress(),
            "only for full or degen GC");
!   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_uncommitted:
        do_commit();
      case _empty_committed:
      case _cset:

*** 125,10 ***
--- 169,11 ---
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_humongous_start() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_uncommitted:
        do_commit();
      case _empty_committed:
        set_state(_humongous_start);

*** 136,14 ***
      default:
        report_illegal_transition("humongous start allocation");
    }
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_humongous_start_bypass() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_full_gc_in_progress(), "only for full GC");
! 
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_committed:
      case _regular:
      case _humongous_start:
      case _humongous_cont:
--- 181,16 ---
      default:
        report_illegal_transition("humongous start allocation");
    }
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_humongous_start_bypass(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_full_gc_in_progress(), "only for full GC");
!   // Don't bother to account for affiliated regions during Full GC.  We recompute totals at end.
+   set_affiliation(affiliation);
+   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_committed:
      case _regular:
      case _humongous_start:
      case _humongous_cont:

*** 154,10 ***
--- 201,11 ---
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_humongous_cont() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_uncommitted:
        do_commit();
      case _empty_committed:
       set_state(_humongous_cont);

*** 165,14 ***
      default:
        report_illegal_transition("humongous continuation allocation");
    }
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_humongous_cont_bypass() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_full_gc_in_progress(), "only for full GC");
! 
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_committed:
      case _regular:
      case _humongous_start:
      case _humongous_cont:
--- 213,16 ---
      default:
        report_illegal_transition("humongous continuation allocation");
    }
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_humongous_cont_bypass(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_full_gc_in_progress(), "only for full GC");
!   set_affiliation(affiliation);
+   // Don't bother to account for affiliated regions during Full GC.  We recompute totals at end.
+   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _empty_committed:
      case _regular:
      case _humongous_start:
      case _humongous_cont:

*** 209,10 ***
--- 259,11 ---
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    assert(pin_count() == 0, "Should not have pins: " SIZE_FORMAT, pin_count());
  
    switch (_state) {
      case _pinned:
+       assert(is_affiliated(), "Pinned region should be affiliated");
        set_state(_regular);
        return;
      case _regular:
      case _humongous_start:
        return;

*** 227,10 ***
--- 278,11 ---
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_cset() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   // Leave age untouched.  We need to consult the age when we are deciding whether to promote evacuated objects.
    switch (_state) {
      case _regular:
        set_state(_cset);
      case _cset:
        return;

*** 239,16 ***
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_trash() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    switch (_state) {
-     case _cset:
-       // Reclaiming cset regions
      case _humongous_start:
      case _humongous_cont:
!       // Reclaiming humongous regions
      case _regular:
        // Immediate region reclaim
        set_state(_trash);
        return;
      default:
--- 291,21 ---
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_trash() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   reset_age();
    switch (_state) {
      case _humongous_start:
      case _humongous_cont:
!     {
+       // Reclaiming humongous regions and reclaim humongous waste.  When this region is eventually recycled, we'll reclaim
+       // its used memory.  At recycle time, we no longer recognize this as a humongous region.
+       decrement_humongous_waste();
+     }
+     case _cset:
+       // Reclaiming cset regions
      case _regular:
        // Immediate region reclaim
        set_state(_trash);
        return;
      default:

*** 259,15 ***
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_trash_immediate() {
    make_trash();
  
    // On this path, we know there are no marked objects in the region,
    // tell marking context about it to bypass bitmap resets.
!   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->complete_marking_context()->reset_top_bitmap(this);
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_empty() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
    switch (_state) {
      case _trash:
        set_state(_empty_committed);
        _empty_time = os::elapsedTime();
        return;
--- 316,18 ---
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_trash_immediate() {
    make_trash();
  
    // On this path, we know there are no marked objects in the region,
    // tell marking context about it to bypass bitmap resets.
!   assert(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->active_generation()->is_mark_complete(), "Marking should be complete here.");
+   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->marking_context()->reset_top_bitmap(this);
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::make_empty() {
    shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   reset_age();
+   CENSUS_NOISE(clear_youth();)
    switch (_state) {
      case _trash:
        set_state(_empty_committed);
        _empty_time = os::elapsedTime();
        return;

*** 303,24 ***
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::reset_alloc_metadata() {
    _tlab_allocs = 0;
    _gclab_allocs = 0;
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_shared_allocs() const {
!   return used() - (_tlab_allocs + _gclab_allocs) * HeapWordSize;
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_tlab_allocs() const {
    return _tlab_allocs * HeapWordSize;
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_gclab_allocs() const {
    return _gclab_allocs * HeapWordSize;
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::set_live_data(size_t s) {
    assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "by VM thread");
    _live_data = (s >> LogHeapWordSize);
  }
  
--- 363,29 ---
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::reset_alloc_metadata() {
    _tlab_allocs = 0;
    _gclab_allocs = 0;
+   _plab_allocs = 0;
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_shared_allocs() const {
!   return used() - (_tlab_allocs + _gclab_allocs + _plab_allocs) * HeapWordSize;
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_tlab_allocs() const {
    return _tlab_allocs * HeapWordSize;
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_gclab_allocs() const {
    return _gclab_allocs * HeapWordSize;
  }
  
+ size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::get_plab_allocs() const {
+   return _plab_allocs * HeapWordSize;
+ }
+ 
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::set_live_data(size_t s) {
    assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "by VM thread");
    _live_data = (s >> LogHeapWordSize);
  }
  

*** 361,10 ***
--- 426,12 ---
        break;
      default:
        ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
  
+   st->print("|%s", shenandoah_affiliation_code(affiliation()));
+ 
  #define SHR_PTR_FORMAT "%12" PRIxPTR
  
    st->print("|BTE " SHR_PTR_FORMAT  ", " SHR_PTR_FORMAT ", " SHR_PTR_FORMAT,
              p2i(bottom()), p2i(top()), p2i(end()));
    st->print("|TAMS " SHR_PTR_FORMAT,

*** 372,45 ***
    st->print("|UWM " SHR_PTR_FORMAT,
              p2i(_update_watermark));
    st->print("|U " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(used()),                proper_unit_for_byte_size(used()));
    st->print("|T " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_tlab_allocs()),     proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_tlab_allocs()));
    st->print("|G " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_gclab_allocs()),    proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_gclab_allocs()));
    st->print("|S " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_shared_allocs()),   proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_shared_allocs()));
    st->print("|L " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_live_data_bytes()), proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_live_data_bytes()));
    st->print("|CP " SIZE_FORMAT_W(3), pin_count());
    st->cr();
  
  #undef SHR_PTR_FORMAT
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::oop_iterate(OopIterateClosure* blk) {
!   if (!is_active()) return;
!   if (is_humongous()) {
!     oop_iterate_humongous(blk);
!   } else {
!     oop_iterate_objects(blk);
    }
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::oop_iterate_objects(OopIterateClosure* blk) {
!   assert(! is_humongous(), "no humongous region here");
!   HeapWord* obj_addr = bottom();
!   HeapWord* t = top();
!   // Could call objects iterate, but this is easier.
    while (obj_addr < t) {
      oop obj = cast_to_oop(obj_addr);
!     obj_addr += obj->oop_iterate_size(blk);
    }
  }
  
! void ShenandoahHeapRegion::oop_iterate_humongous(OopIterateClosure* blk) {
    assert(is_humongous(), "only humongous region here");
    // Find head.
    ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = humongous_start_region();
    assert(r->is_humongous_start(), "need humongous head here");
    oop obj = cast_to_oop(r->bottom());
!   obj->oop_iterate(blk, MemRegion(bottom(), top()));
  }
  
  ShenandoahHeapRegion* ShenandoahHeapRegion::humongous_start_region() const {
    ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert(is_humongous(), "Must be a part of the humongous region");
--- 439,155 ---
    st->print("|UWM " SHR_PTR_FORMAT,
              p2i(_update_watermark));
    st->print("|U " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(used()),                proper_unit_for_byte_size(used()));
    st->print("|T " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_tlab_allocs()),     proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_tlab_allocs()));
    st->print("|G " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_gclab_allocs()),    proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_gclab_allocs()));
+   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
+     st->print("|P " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_plab_allocs()),   proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_plab_allocs()));
+   }
    st->print("|S " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_shared_allocs()),   proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_shared_allocs()));
    st->print("|L " SIZE_FORMAT_W(5) "%1s", byte_size_in_proper_unit(get_live_data_bytes()), proper_unit_for_byte_size(get_live_data_bytes()));
    st->print("|CP " SIZE_FORMAT_W(3), pin_count());
    st->cr();
  
  #undef SHR_PTR_FORMAT
  }
  
! // oop_iterate without closure and without cancellation.  always return true.
! bool ShenandoahHeapRegion::oop_fill_and_coalesce_without_cancel() {
!   HeapWord* obj_addr = resume_coalesce_and_fill();
! 
!   assert(!is_humongous(), "No need to fill or coalesce humongous regions");
!   if (!is_active()) {
+     end_preemptible_coalesce_and_fill();
+     return true;
+   }
+ 
+   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+   ShenandoahMarkingContext* marking_context = heap->marking_context();
+   // All objects above TAMS are considered live even though their mark bits will not be set.  Note that young-
+   // gen evacuations that interrupt a long-running old-gen concurrent mark may promote objects into old-gen
+   // while the old-gen concurrent marking is ongoing.  These newly promoted objects will reside above TAMS
+   // and will be treated as live during the current old-gen marking pass, even though they will not be
+   // explicitly marked.
+   HeapWord* t = marking_context->top_at_mark_start(this);
+ 
+   // Expect marking to be completed before these threads invoke this service.
+   assert(heap->active_generation()->is_mark_complete(), "sanity");
+   while (obj_addr < t) {
+     oop obj = cast_to_oop(obj_addr);
+     if (marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
+       assert(obj->klass() != nullptr, "klass should not be nullptr");
+       obj_addr += obj->size();
+     } else {
+       // Object is not marked.  Coalesce and fill dead object with dead neighbors.
+       HeapWord* next_marked_obj = marking_context->get_next_marked_addr(obj_addr, t);
+       assert(next_marked_obj <= t, "next marked object cannot exceed top");
+       size_t fill_size = next_marked_obj - obj_addr;
+       assert(fill_size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated objects known to be larger than min_size");
+       ShenandoahHeap::fill_with_object(obj_addr, fill_size);
+       heap->card_scan()->coalesce_objects(obj_addr, fill_size);
+       obj_addr = next_marked_obj;
+     }
    }
+   // Mark that this region has been coalesced and filled
+   end_preemptible_coalesce_and_fill();
+   return true;
  }
  
! // oop_iterate without closure, return true if completed without cancellation
! bool ShenandoahHeapRegion::oop_fill_and_coalesce() {
!   HeapWord* obj_addr = resume_coalesce_and_fill();
!   // Consider yielding to cancel/preemption request after this many coalesce operations (skip marked, or coalesce free).
!   const size_t preemption_stride = 128;
+ 
+   assert(!is_humongous(), "No need to fill or coalesce humongous regions");
+   if (!is_active()) {
+     end_preemptible_coalesce_and_fill();
+     return true;
+   }
+ 
+   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+   ShenandoahMarkingContext* marking_context = heap->marking_context();
+   // All objects above TAMS are considered live even though their mark bits will not be set.  Note that young-
+   // gen evacuations that interrupt a long-running old-gen concurrent mark may promote objects into old-gen
+   // while the old-gen concurrent marking is ongoing.  These newly promoted objects will reside above TAMS
+   // and will be treated as live during the current old-gen marking pass, even though they will not be
+   // explicitly marked.
+   HeapWord* t = marking_context->top_at_mark_start(this);
+ 
+   // Expect marking to be completed before these threads invoke this service.
+   assert(heap->active_generation()->is_mark_complete(), "sanity");
+ 
+   size_t ops_before_preempt_check = preemption_stride;
    while (obj_addr < t) {
      oop obj = cast_to_oop(obj_addr);
!     if (marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
+       assert(obj->klass() != nullptr, "klass should not be nullptr");
+       obj_addr += obj->size();
+     } else {
+       // Object is not marked.  Coalesce and fill dead object with dead neighbors.
+       HeapWord* next_marked_obj = marking_context->get_next_marked_addr(obj_addr, t);
+       assert(next_marked_obj <= t, "next marked object cannot exceed top");
+       size_t fill_size = next_marked_obj - obj_addr;
+       assert(fill_size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated object known to be larger than min_size");
+       ShenandoahHeap::fill_with_object(obj_addr, fill_size);
+       heap->card_scan()->coalesce_objects(obj_addr, fill_size);
+       obj_addr = next_marked_obj;
+     }
+     if (ops_before_preempt_check-- == 0) {
+       if (heap->cancelled_gc()) {
+         suspend_coalesce_and_fill(obj_addr);
+         return false;
+       }
+       ops_before_preempt_check = preemption_stride;
+     }
    }
+   // Mark that this region has been coalesced and filled
+   end_preemptible_coalesce_and_fill();
+   return true;
  }
  
! // DO NOT CANCEL.  If this worker thread has accepted responsibility for scanning a particular range of addresses, it
+ // must finish the work before it can be cancelled.
+ void ShenandoahHeapRegion::oop_iterate_humongous_slice(OopIterateClosure* blk, bool dirty_only,
+                                                        HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool write_table) {
+   assert(words % CardTable::card_size_in_words() == 0, "Humongous iteration must span whole number of cards");
    assert(is_humongous(), "only humongous region here");
+   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+ 
    // Find head.
    ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = humongous_start_region();
    assert(r->is_humongous_start(), "need humongous head here");
+   assert(CardTable::card_size_in_words() * (words / CardTable::card_size_in_words()) == words,
+          "slice must be integral number of cards");
+ 
    oop obj = cast_to_oop(r->bottom());
!   RememberedScanner* scanner = ShenandoahHeap::heap()->card_scan();
+   size_t card_index = scanner->card_index_for_addr(start);
+   size_t num_cards = words / CardTable::card_size_in_words();
+ 
+   if (dirty_only) {
+     if (write_table) {
+       while (num_cards-- > 0) {
+         if (scanner->is_write_card_dirty(card_index++)) {
+           obj->oop_iterate(blk, MemRegion(start, start + CardTable::card_size_in_words()));
+         }
+         start += CardTable::card_size_in_words();
+       }
+     } else {
+       while (num_cards-- > 0) {
+         if (scanner->is_card_dirty(card_index++)) {
+           obj->oop_iterate(blk, MemRegion(start, start + CardTable::card_size_in_words()));
+         }
+         start += CardTable::card_size_in_words();
+       }
+     }
+   } else {
+     // Scan all data, regardless of whether cards are dirty
+     obj->oop_iterate(blk, MemRegion(start, start + num_cards * CardTable::card_size_in_words()));
+   }
  }
  
  ShenandoahHeapRegion* ShenandoahHeapRegion::humongous_start_region() const {
    ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert(is_humongous(), "Must be a part of the humongous region");

*** 425,20 ***
    assert(r->is_humongous_start(), "Must be");
    return r;
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::recycle() {
    set_top(bottom());
    clear_live_data();
  
    reset_alloc_metadata();
  
!   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->marking_context()->reset_top_at_mark_start(this);
    set_update_watermark(bottom());
  
    make_empty();
  
    if (ZapUnusedHeapArea) {
      SpaceMangler::mangle_region(MemRegion(bottom(), end()));
    }
  }
  
--- 602,28 ---
    assert(r->is_humongous_start(), "Must be");
    return r;
  }
  
  void ShenandoahHeapRegion::recycle() {
+   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
+   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+   ShenandoahGeneration* generation = heap->generation_for(affiliation());
+ 
+   heap->decrease_used(generation, used());
+   generation->decrement_affiliated_region_count();
+ 
    set_top(bottom());
    clear_live_data();
  
    reset_alloc_metadata();
  
!   heap->marking_context()->reset_top_at_mark_start(this);
    set_update_watermark(bottom());
  
    make_empty();
  
+   set_affiliation(FREE);
    if (ZapUnusedHeapArea) {
      SpaceMangler::mangle_region(MemRegion(bottom(), end()));
    }
  }
  

*** 478,10 ***
--- 663,15 ---
  
    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ShenandoahMinRegionSize)) {
      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ShenandoahMinRegionSize, MIN_REGION_SIZE);
    }
  
+   // Generational Shenandoah needs this alignment for card tables.
+   if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "generational") == 0) {
+     max_heap_size = align_up(max_heap_size , CardTable::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
+   }
+ 
    size_t region_size;
    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ShenandoahRegionSize)) {
      if (ShenandoahMinRegionSize > max_heap_size / MIN_NUM_REGIONS) {
        err_msg message("Max heap size (" SIZE_FORMAT "%s) is too low to afford the minimum number "
                        "of regions (" SIZE_FORMAT ") of minimum region size (" SIZE_FORMAT "%s).",

*** 666,5 ***
--- 856,69 ---
  }
  
  size_t ShenandoahHeapRegion::pin_count() const {
    return Atomic::load(&_critical_pins);
  }
+ 
+ void ShenandoahHeapRegion::set_affiliation(ShenandoahAffiliation new_affiliation) {
+   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+ 
+   ShenandoahAffiliation region_affiliation = heap->region_affiliation(this);
+   {
+     ShenandoahMarkingContext* const ctx = heap->complete_marking_context();
+     log_debug(gc)("Setting affiliation of Region " SIZE_FORMAT " from %s to %s, top: " PTR_FORMAT ", TAMS: " PTR_FORMAT
+                   ", watermark: " PTR_FORMAT ", top_bitmap: " PTR_FORMAT,
+                   index(), shenandoah_affiliation_name(region_affiliation), shenandoah_affiliation_name(new_affiliation),
+                   p2i(top()), p2i(ctx->top_at_mark_start(this)), p2i(_update_watermark), p2i(ctx->top_bitmap(this)));
+   }
+ 
+ #ifdef ASSERT
+   {
+     // During full gc, heap->complete_marking_context() is not valid, may equal nullptr.
+     ShenandoahMarkingContext* const ctx = heap->complete_marking_context();
+     size_t idx = this->index();
+     HeapWord* top_bitmap = ctx->top_bitmap(this);
+ 
+     assert(ctx->is_bitmap_clear_range(top_bitmap, _end),
+            "Region " SIZE_FORMAT ", bitmap should be clear between top_bitmap: " PTR_FORMAT " and end: " PTR_FORMAT, idx,
+            p2i(top_bitmap), p2i(_end));
+   }
+ #endif
+ 
+   if (region_affiliation == new_affiliation) {
+     return;
+   }
+ 
+   if (!heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
+     log_trace(gc)("Changing affiliation of region %zu from %s to %s",
+                   index(), affiliation_name(), shenandoah_affiliation_name(new_affiliation));
+     heap->set_affiliation(this, new_affiliation);
+     return;
+   }
+ 
+   switch (new_affiliation) {
+     case FREE:
+       assert(!has_live(), "Free region should not have live data");
+       break;
+     case YOUNG_GENERATION:
+       reset_age();
+       break;
+     case OLD_GENERATION:
+       // TODO: should we reset_age() for OLD as well?  Examine invocations of set_affiliation(). Some contexts redundantly
+       //       invoke reset_age().
+       break;
+     default:
+       ShouldNotReachHere();
+       return;
+   }
+   heap->set_affiliation(this, new_affiliation);
+ }
+ 
+ void ShenandoahHeapRegion::decrement_humongous_waste() const {
+   assert(is_humongous(), "Should only use this for humongous regions");
+   size_t waste_bytes = free();
+   if (waste_bytes > 0) {
+     ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+     ShenandoahGeneration* generation = heap->generation_for(affiliation());
+     heap->decrease_humongous_waste(generation, waste_bytes);
+   }
+ }
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